2012�q�考研��p��阅读理解�_�读���（七）_跨考网

　　TEXT THREE

　　When Catholic clergy or “pro-life�?politicians argue that abortion laws should be tightened, they do so in the belief that this will reduce the number of terminations. Yet the largest global study of abortion ever undertaken casts doubt on that simple proposition. Restricting abortions, the study says, has little effect on the number of pregnancies terminated. Rather, it drives women to seek illegal, often unsafe backstreet abortions leading to an estimated 67,000 deaths a year. A further 5m women require hospital treatment as a result of botched procedures.

　　In Africa and Asia, where abortion is generally either illegal or restricted, the abortion rate in 2003 (the latest year for which figures are available) was 29 per 1,000 women aged 15-44. This is almost identical to the rate in Europe�?8—where legal abortions are widely available. Latin America, which has some of the world's most restrictive abortion laws, is the region with the highest abortion rate (31), while western Europe, which has some of the most liberal laws, has the lowest (12).

　　The study, carried out by the Guttmacher Institute in New York in collaboration with the World Health Organisation (WHO) and published in a British medical journal, the Lancet, found that most abortions occur in developing countries�?5m a year, compared with just 7m in rich countries. But this was largely a reflection of population size. A woman's likelihood of having an abortion is similar whether she lives in a rich country (26 per 1,000) or a poor or middle-income one (29).

　　Lest it be thought that these sweeping continental numbers hide as much as they reveal, the same point can be made by looking at those countries which have changed their laws. Between 1995 and 2005, 17 nations liberalised abortion legislation, while three tightened restrictions. The number of induced abortions nevertheless declined from nearly 46m in 1995 to 42m in 2003, resulting in a fall in the worldwide abortion rate from 35 to 29. The most dramatic drop—from 90 to 44—was in former communist Eastern Europe, where abortion is generally legal, safe and cheap. This coincided with a big increase in contraceptive use in the region which still has the world's highest abortion rate, with more terminations than live births.

　　The risk of dying in a botched abortion is only part of a broader problem of maternal health in poor countries. Of all the inequalities of development, this is arguably the worst. According to a report published this week by Population Action International, a Washington-based lobby group, women in poor countries are 250 times more likely to die in pregnancy or childbirth than women in rich ones. (2)Of the 535,000 women who died in childbirth or from pregnancy-related complications in 2005, 99% were in developing countries, according to another report by a group of UN agencies, including WHO, also out this week. Africa accounted for more than half such deaths.As the UN report noted, countries with the highest levels of maternal mortality have made the least progress towards reducing it. A woman in Africa has a one in 16 chance of dying in pregnancy or childbirth, compared with one in 3,800 for a woman in the rich world.

　　1. The word “botched�?(Line 5, Paragraph 1) most probably means_____

　　[A] awkward.

　　[B] wrong.

　　[C] backward.

　　[D] bungled

　　2.The fact that the abortion rate in Africa and Asia in 2003 is almost identical to that in Europe implies that_____.

　　[A] the abortion rate has nothing to do with a country’s national wealth.

　　[B] the abortion rate has nothing to do with a country’s restricting measures on abortion.

　　[C] the abortion rate cannot be lowered through the legal measures.

　　[D] the abortion rate cannot be lowered by the implement of tightened abortion laws.

　　3. The conclusion of the study can be proved by the following proofs offered in the passage except that _____

　　[A] the abortion rate in countries with strict aboriton laws is higher than that of the counties with liberal laws.

　　[B] there are much more abortions occuring in developing countries than in developed countries.

　　[C] there was a dramatic drop in former communist Easter Europe between 1995 and 2005.

　　[D] there was a big increase in contraceptive use in the region which still has the world’s highest abortion rate between 1995 and 2005.

　　4. Women in poor countries are much more likely dying in childbirth or pregnancy than women in rich countires because of _____

　　[A] botched procedures of abortion in poor countries.

　　[B] inequalities of development between rich and poor countries.

　　[C] ignorance of and little emphasis on the maternal health in poor countries.

　　[D] strict abortion laws in poor countries.

　　5. The passage is mainly about_____

　　[A] a study on the aborition rate between developed and developing countries.

　　[B] a study on the aborition laws in different countries.

　　[C] a study on the general maternal health condition in different countries.

　　[D] a study on the influence of the aboriton laws on the abortion rate.

　　文章剖析

　　�q�篇文章介绍了严格限制堕胎的法律对堕胎率的实际媄响。文章第一�D�|����Z����全球调查表明限制堕胎对降低堕胎率媄响很��?�W�二�D늻���Z��些数据说明严格的堕胎法律不能降低堕胎率，反而�v到相反作�?�W�三�D�|��出大部分堕胎发生在发展中国家;�W�四�D는�另外一�l�数据说明了堕胎法与堕胎率的关系;�W�五�D�|��一个引画I��引申到���I�国家妇奛_��康问题�?/p>

　　词汇注释:

　　botch v. 做得拙劣 lest conj.以免, 免得

　　sweeping adj. 范围�q�大�? ��L���? �W�统�?contraceptive n. 避孕用具

　　隑֏��H�破�Q?/p>

　　(1) The study, carried out by the Guttmacher Institute in New York in collaboration with the World Health Organisation (WHO) and published in a British medical journal, the Lancet, found that most abortions occur in developing countries�?5m a year, compared with just 7m in rich countries.

　　[��M��句式] The study found that�?/p>

　　[�l�构分析]�q�是一个复合句�Q�其主语的定语�ؓ(f��)两个�q�列的分词短语：(x��)carried out by�?和published in…，而宾语从句中破折号后面的成分可以看作是补语�?/p>

　　[句子译文]�q�项研究��q���U�的Guttmacher研究所和世界卫生组�l�合作进行，发表于英国医疗期刊Lancet上，该研�I�发现大多数堕胎都发生在发展中国�Ӟ��一�q�大�U�有3500万例�Q�而在富裕国家中一�q�只�?00万例�?/p>

　　(2) Of the 535,000 women who died in childbirth or from pregnancy-related complications in 2005, 99% were in developing countries, according to another report by a group of UN agencies, including WHO, also out this week.

　　[��M��句式] 99% were in developing country.

　　[�l�构分析] �q�是一个复合句�Q�由of构成的介词短语是句子主语的定语，该介词短语中有一个who引导的定语从句修饰名词women;according to构成的介词短语是句子的状语，在该状语中also out this week是report的补语�?/p>

　　[句子译文] 而根据本周联合国机构(包括世界卫生�l�织)的一个组�l�的另外一个报道，2005�q�死于生产或怀孕相兛_ƈ发症�?3�?千名妇女中，99%是在发展中国家�?/p>

　　题目分析�Q?/p>

　　1. The word “botched�?(Line 5, Paragraph 1) most probably means_____1.“botched”这个词(�W�一�D늬�六行)最�?/p>

　　可能指_____

　　[A] awkward.[A] �W�拙的�?/p>

　　[B] wrong.[B] 错误的�?/p>

　　[C] backward.[C] 落后的�?/p>

　　[D] inferior.[D] 低劣的�?/p>

　　[�{�案]D

　　[隑ֺ��p�L��] ☆☆�?/p>

　　[分析]猜词题。根据上下文�Q�限制流产会(x��)��D��妇女去进行一些非法的、不安全的秘密堕胎，从而引发死亡，�q�有另外一些妇奛_��为某些程序需要进行住院治疗。那么可以推断，�q�种�E�序因�ؓ(f��)是在非法的不安全的地方进行的�Q�比如一些小诊所�Q�那么应该是一些拙劣的手术�E�序�Q�选项D�W�合�?/p>

　　2.The fact that the abortion rate in Africa and Asia in 2003 is almost identical to that in Europe implies that_____2.2003�q�非�z�和亚洲的堕胎率几乎和欧�z�的相同�Q�这个事实说明_____

　　[A] the abortion rate has nothing to do with a country’s national wealth.[A] 堕胎率和一个国家的富裕�E�度无关�?/p>

　　[B] the abortion rate has nothing to do with a country’s restricting measures on abortion.[B]堕胎率和一个国安���制堕胎的措施无关�?/p>

　　[C] the abortion rate cannot be lowered through the legal measures.[C] 通过法律措施不能降低堕胎率�?/p>

　　[D] the abortion rate cannot be lowered by the implement of tightened abortion laws.[D] 实施严格的堕胎法律不能降低堕胎率�?/p>

　　[�{�案]C

　　[隑ֺ��p�L��] ☆☆☆☆

　　[分析]推理题。文章第二段指出�Q�虽然亚�z�和非洲在堕胎方面限制严��|���Ƨ洲堕胎合法�Q�但堕胎率却相同。下文又提到虽然拉美国家有最严厉的堕胎法�Q�但堕胎率最高，而欧�z�法律最宽松�Q�堕胎率却最低。再�l�合 �W�一�D�|��到研�I�发现限制堕胎�ƈ不能降低堕胎数量�Q�可以得出，题目中的�q�个事实也说明了严格的堕胎法�q�不能有效降低堕胎率�?/p>

　　3. The conclusion of the study can be proved by the following proofs offered in the passage except that _____3.下列选项除了_____都能证明研究得出的结论�?/p>

　　[A] the aboriton rate in countries with strict aboriton laws is higher than that of the counties with liberal laws.[A]有严格限制堕胎法律的国家的堕胎率比实施宽村֠�胎法律国家的�?/p>

　　[B] there are much more abortions occuring in developing countries than in developed countries.[B] 发展中国家堕胎例数比发达国家�?/p>

　　[C] there was a dramatic drop in in former communist Easter Europe between 1995 and 2005.[C]1995�?005�q�期��_(d��)��前共产主义东�Ƨ的堕胎率急剧降低�?/p>

　　[D] there was a big increase in contraceptive use in the region which still has the world’s highest abortion rate between 1995 and 2005.[D] �?995�q�到2005�q�期间避孕措施大�q�度增加的国家而今仍拥有世界最高的堕胎�?/p>

　　[�{�案]B

　　[隑ֺ��p�L��] ☆☆

　　[分析] 推理题。题�q�要求找出哪个论据不能证明本文中提到的研�I�得出的�l�论。首先由文章�W�一�D�得知该研究的结论是限制堕胎寚w��低终止怀孕数量媄响颇微，而文章中心也是在�����限制堕胎�q�不能有效降低堕胎率。那么，选项A是文章第二段的论据，可以说明�q�一炏V��B在第四段中提刎ͼ�但提到这一点主要是�׃��人口数量的原因，因此不能证明研究�l�论。C在第五段提到�Q�世界整体放村֯�堕胎的法律限制引起了堕胎率的下降�Q�特别是前社�?x��)主义东�Ƨ，�q�一点也可以说明。D也在�W�四�D�|��及，虽然堕胎措施加大�Q�但效果却相反，也可以证明。因此，只有B是不能证明该�l�论的�?/p>

　　4. Women in poor countries are much more likely dying in childbirth or pregnancy than women in rich countires because of _____4. 相对富裕国家而言�Q����I�国家的妇女��M��生��或怀孕的可能性更大，�q�是因�ؓ(f��)_____

　　[A] botched procedures of abortion between rich and poor countries.[A] 贫穷国家低劣的堕胎手术程序�?/p>

　　[B] inequalities of development in poor countries.[B] 贫穷国家发展的不�q�����?/p>

　　[C] ignorance of and little emphasis on the maternal health in poor countries.[C] 贫穷国家对妇奛_��康问题知之甚���且重视不���?/p>

　　[D] strict abortion laws in poor countries.[D] 贫穷国家实施严格的堕胎法律�?/p>

　　[�{�案]C

　　[隑ֺ��p�L��] ☆☆

　　[分析] �l�节题。题�q�提到的问题在最后一�D�中提到�Q�首先提到因低劣的堕胎而死的危险只是���I�国家妇奛_����L(f��ng)��一斚w��问题而已�Q�因此A选项错误。而该�D�进一步指出，联合国的一个报道发现孕产妇��M��率最高的国家为降低该��M��率进行努力的�q�展也最慢，因此主要原因���是�q�些国家不注重这斚w��问题的解冟뀂因此，选项C为正���答案。B选项昄���与原文无养I��而D选项与实际情况�ƈ不相�W��?/p>

　　5. The passage is mainly about_____5.�q�篇文章主要是关于____

　　[A] a study on the aborition rate between developed and developing countries.[A] 对发辑֛�家和发展中国家不同堕胎率的研�I��?/p>

　　[B] a study on the aborition laws in different countries.[B] 对不同国家堕胎法律的研究�?/p>

　　[C] a study on the general maternal health condition in different countries.[C] 对不同国家妇奛_����h��M��情况的研�I��?/p>

　　[D] a study on the influence of the aboriton laws on the abortion rate.[D] 关于堕胎法对堕胎率媄响的研究�?/p>

　　[�{�案]D

　　[隑ֺ��p�L��] ☆☆�?/p>

　　[分析] ��L��题。这���文章主要通过一个全球的研究说明实施严格的堕胎法寚w��低堕胎�ƈ没有作用�Q�反而有相反的效果。因此，文章主要是关于堕胎法对堕胎率影响的研�IӞ��D为正���答案。文章的各个�D�落中也涉及��C��其他三个选项的内容，但都不是文章的主题，而是围绕着主题分别展开�����的�?/p>

　　参考译�?/p>

　　天主教牧师或反对堕胎合法化的政治家们要求加紧堕胎斚w��的法律，他们�q�样做是因�ؓ(f��)�怿��q�样���可以降低堕胎数量。然而迄今�ؓ(f��)止最大的全球堕胎调查却让大家对这个简单的��d��产生了怀疑。该研究表明�Q�限制堕胎对降低�l�止怀孕数量媄响颇微，�q�样反而��得妇奛_��求一些非法、不安全的秘密堕胎，而每�q�因此死亡的妇女�?7000人，�q�有另外500万妇奛_��为手术拙劣需要住院治疗�?/p>

　　一般来��_(d��)��堕胎在非�z�和亚洲或是非法的，或是受到限制�Q?003�q?可提供数据的最�q�年�?其堕胎率为每1000�?5�?4岁的妇女中有29名。这个数字和�Ƨ洲堕胎率几乎相�?�Ƨ洲�?8�?�Q�而在�Ƨ洲堕胎�q��ؓ(f��)可行。而拥有世界上最严格的堕胎法的拉丁美�z�有最高的堕胎�?31�?�Q�在世界上拥有最宽松的堕胎法律的西欧堕胎率最�?12�?�?/p>

　　�q�项研究��q���U�的Guttmacher研究所和世界卫生组�l�合作进行，发表于英国医疗期刊Lancet上，该研�I�发现大多数堕胎都发生在发展中国�Ӟ��一�q�大�U�有3500万例�Q�而在富裕国家中一�q�只�?00万例。不�q�这在很大程度上也反映了人口规模。一个妇女不论在哪里�Q�堕胎的可能性大致相同，在富裕国家是千分之二十六�Q�在贫穷或中�{�收入国家是千分之二十九(ji��)�?/p>

　　��Z��避免��Z��认�ؓ(f��)�q�些规模庞大的大陆性数字揭�C�Z��一些现象，但也同样掩盖了一些，那么只要看看那些攚w��法律的国家的情况�Q�这一点也同样可以证实�?995�q�至2005�q�期��_(d��)���?7个国家放宽了堕胎法律�Q�有3个国家加��Z��堕胎的限�Ӟ��然而堕胎数量却�?995�q�的�q?600万例下降�?003�q�的4200万例�Q���得全世界堕胎率由千分之三十五下降到千分之二十�?ji��)。而最大的降幅——从千分之九(ji��)十降到千分之四十四——发生在前共产主义的东欧�Q�在该国堕胎一般是合法的、安全的�Q�而且是廉��L(f��ng)��。而在同一时期�Q�世界上堕胎率最高的地区(堕胎数比出生人数�?�Q�其避孕措施使用则增�q�较大�?/p>

　　在���I�国�Ӟ��因拙劣的堕胎技术而死亡的风险只不�q�是妇女健康�q�个�q�泛的问题的一部分而已。但在所有的发展不��^衡中�Q�这可以说是最�p�糕的。基地在华盛��的一个游说团�l�织“国际�h口行动”本周发表的一���报道声�U�ͼ�贫困国家妇女在怀孕或生��中死亡率是发辑֛�家妇女的250倍。而根据本周联合国机构(包括世界卫生�l�织)的一个组�l�的另外一个报道，2005�q�死于生产或怀孕相兛_ƈ发症�?3�?千名妇女中，99%是在发展中国家。半��C��上的��M��妇女在非�z�Ӏ�正如联合国报道所指出的，孕��妇死亡率最高的国家为降低该��M��率进行努力的�q�展也最慢。一个非�z�妇奛_��怀孕或生��的死亡几率是16�ơ中有一�ơ，而在富裕国家�q�个数字�?800�ơ中有一�ơ�?/p>