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　　Directions:

　　Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written on the ANSWER SHEET(10 points)

　　Music means different things to different people and sometimes even different things to the same person at different moments of his life. It might be poetic, philosophical, sensual, or mathematical, but in any case it must, in my view, have something to do with the soul of the human being. Hence it is metaphysical; but the means of expression is purely and exclusively physical: sound. I believe it is precisely this permanent coexistence of metaphysical message through physical means that is the strength of music.46) It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself.

　　Beethoven’s importance in music has been principally defined by the revolutionary nature of his compositions. He freed music from hitherto prevailing conventions of harmony and structure. Sometimes I feel in his late works a will to break all signs of continuity. The music is abrupt and seemingly disconnected, as in the last piano sonata. In musical expression, he did not feel restrained by the weight of convention. 47) By all accounts he was a freethinking person, and a courageous one, and I find courage an essential quality for the understanding, let alone the performance, of his works.

　　This courageous attitude in fact becomes a requirement for the performers of Beethoven’s music. His compositions demand the performer to show courage, for example in the use of dynamics. 48) Beethoven’s habit of increasing the volume with an extreme intensity and then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage was only rarely used by composers before him.

　　Beethoven was a deeply political man in the broadest sense of the word. He was not interested in daily politics, but concerned with questions of moral behavior and the larger questions of right and wrong affecting the entire society.49) Especially significant was his view of freedom, which, for him, was associated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual: he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression.

　　Beethoven’s music tends to move from chaos to order as if order were an imperative of human existence. For him, order does not result from forgetting or ignoring the disorders that plague our existence; order is a necessary development, an improvement that may lead to the Greek ideal of spiritual elevation. It is not by chance that the Funeral March is not the last movement of the Eroica Symphony, but the second, so that suffering does not have the last word. 50) One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven by saying that suffering is inevitable, but the courage to fight it renders life worth living.

　　46. It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself.

　　【句型分析】本句主句主�q��ؓ(f��)it is the reason�Q�why引导定语从句�Q�修饰the reason。定语从句的��d��是all we can do is articulate our reactions and not grasp music itself�Q�其表语是不定式短语�Q�由于主语中含有do�Q�不定式�W�号to省略�Q�articulate our reactions and not grasp music itself。our reactions之后to it为其定语�Q�it指代music。定语从句中�q�包含when引导的时间状语从句�?/p>

　　【翻译要炏V��①本句��d��的主句是�ȝ��表结构，reason后why引导的定语从句较长，���译时可以与��d��部分�l�合�Q�调整表达�ؓ(f��)�Q�这也就是�ؓ(f��)什么�?�?/p>

　　②定语从句中�Q�when引导旉���状语从句�Q�其中with words做状语，���译旉���调整语序到其修饰的to describe之前�Q�可以表达�ؓ(f��)“当我们���试用语�a�来描�q�音乐时”。定语从句的��d��������卛_���Q�其中reaction�Ҏ(gu��)��语境�Q�可以翻译�ؓ(f��)“感受”，其定语to it在表达时前置�Q�it指代�q�原为“音乐”，则可以翻译�ؓ(f��)“所有我们能做的�Q�就是明���表达我们对于音乐的感受”，或者调整表达�ؓ(f��)“我们只能明���表达我们对于音乐的感受”。and之后�Q�grasp依据语境�Q�需要翻译�ؓ(f��)“理解”�?/p>

　　【译文�ȝ��】这也是��Z��么当我们试图用语�a�来描�q�音乐时�Q�我们只能明���表达我们对于音乐的感受�Q�而不能完全理解音乐本�w��?/p>

　　47. By all accounts he was a freethinking person, and a courageous one, and I find courage an essential quality for the understanding, let alone the performance, of his works.

　　【句型分析】本句�ؓ(f��)�q�列句。第一个分句he was a freethinking person, and a courageous one�Q�句首by all accounts为固定搭配，意思是“根据各斚w��说”。第二个分句的主�q��ؓ(f��)I find courage an essential quality�Q�其中宾语�ؓ(f��)courage�Q�而an essential quality是宾语补������。quality后介词短语for the understanding of his work为其定语�Q�其中还包含一个插入结构let alone the performance�?/p>

　　【翻译要炏V��① �W�一个分句结构比较简单，句首固定搭配by all accounts�Q�可以调整表达，���译为“据大家所说”。主�q�顺译即可，其中h(hu��n)e指代“贝多芬”，one指代person。这一部分可以���译为“贝多芬是个思想自由、充满勇气的人”�?/p>

　　②第二个分句�Q�主�q��ؓ(f��)“我发现勇气是一个关键品质”，quality后�ؓ(f��)其定语for the understanding of his work�Q�其中the understanding of his work意思�ؓ(f��)“对于其作品的理解”，做词性�{化后�Q�可以表达�ؓ(f��)“理解其作品”，�q�个介词短语需要调整语序前�|�于quality�Q�可以翻译�ؓ(f��)“理解他作品的关键品质”，则第二个分句可以表达为“我发现勇气�Q�是理解他作品的关键品质”。还可以调整表达为“我发现勇气�q�一品质�Q�是理解他作品的关键”�?/p>

　　③在定语for the understanding of his work中的插入成分�Q�在逻辑上let alone�q�列the understanding和the performance�Q�二者共用定语of his works�Q�顺译句末即可：(x��)更不必说是演出其作品的关键品质�?/p>

　　【译文�ȝ��】�h们普遍认为，�?贝多�?是个思想自由、充满勇气的人，我发现勇气这一品质�Q�是理解他作品的关键�Q�更不必说是演出其作品的关键�?/p>

　　48. Beethoven’s habit of increasing the volume with an extreme intensity and then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage was only rarely used by composers before him.

　　【句型分析】本句主�q��ؓ(f��)Beethoven’s habit was used by composers before him。本句的谓语�����动语态，主语h(hu��n)abit后介词短语of increasing the volume with an extreme intensity and then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage为其定语�Q�是�׃��词of与and�q�列的两个动名词短语increasing the volume with an extreme intensity 和then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage构成�?/p>

　　【翻译要炏V��①本句��d��较�ؓ(f��)���单，但是主语h(hu��n)abit后有很长的后�|�定语：(x��)Habit of increasing the volume…，其中“habit”可以词性�{换�ؓ(f��)动词“习(f��n)惯”，而中文常常先表达�ơ要信息�Q�则�q�一部分可以���译一句话“贝多芬�?f��n)惯增加…”，�|�于句首。第一个动名词短语中，with an extreme intensity为状语，表达旉���调整语序到其修饰的increasing the volume前，�Ҏ(gu��)��语境�Q�volume意思�ؓ(f��)“音量”，则increasing可以���译为“增高”。这一部分可以���译为“最大限度来逐渐增高音量”。第二个动名词短语then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage�Q�状语with a sudden soft passage需调整到following it前表达，其中passage�Ҏ(gu��)��语境�Q�意思�ؓ(f��)“乐�D�”。则�q�一部分可以表达为“然后突然跟上轻柔的乐段”。整合本句主语与其定语，可以���译为“贝多芬�?f��n)惯最大限度来逐渐增高音量�Q�然后突然跟上轻柔的乐段”�?/p>

　　②本句主�q�意思�ؓ(f��)“在他之前，作曲家很�����用贝多芬的习(f��n)惯”。中文语义重心在后，���本部分���译在句末即可。由于前句译文已�l�提到这�U�习(f��n)惯，则这部分可以表达为“在他之前，作曲家很�����用这�U�习(f��n)惯”，�l�合语境�q�可以表达�ؓ(f��)“在他之前，作曲家很�����用这�U�方式”，或者“在他之前，只有极个别作曲家�?x��)��用这�U�方式”�?/p>

　　【译文�ȝ��】贝多芬�?f��n)惯最大限度来逐渐增高音量�Q�然后突然跟上轻柔的乐段�Q�在他之前，作曲家很�����用这�U�方式�?/p>

　　49) Especially significant was his view of freedom, which, for him, was associated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual: he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression.

　　【句型分析】本句�ؓ(f��)完全倒装�Q�主句的��d��是his view of freedom was Especially significant�?/p>

　　his view of freedom后�ؓ(f��)which引导的非限定性定语从句，修饰freedom�Q�关�p�M��词which在定语从句中作主语。of the individual修饰the rights and responsibilities�Q�冒号后�q�行解释说明�?/p>

　　【翻译要炏V�?/p>

　　�?本句��d��为完全倒装�Q�但是在���译�Ӟ��������卛_���Q�其中h(hu��n)is指代“贝多芬的”，��d��可以表达为：(x��)����ؓ(f��)重要的是�Q�他(贝多�?对于自由的看法�?�?/p>

　　�?which引导��p��从句�Q�修饰freedom�Q�表达时���译成另一句话“对于他而言�Q�这�U�自由是与个人的权利和责任联�p��v来的”，其中for him�q�可以调整表达�ؓ(f��)“他认�ؓ(f��)”�?/p>

　　③冒号后�q�行解释�Q�可以翻译�ؓ(f��)�Q�他倡导思想自由和个����������由�?/p>

　　【译文�ȝ��】尤为重要的是贝多芬对于自由的看法，他认为，�q�种自由是与个�h的权利和责�Q联系��h��的：(x��)他倡导思想自由和个����������由�?/p>

　　50. One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven by saying that suffering is inevitable, but the courage to fight it renders life worth living.

　　【句型分析】本句主句主�q��ؓ(f��)One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven�Q�之后by saying that suffering is inevitable, but the courage to fight it renders life worth living为状语，修饰interpret。其中that引导宾语从句suffering is inevitable, but the courage to fight it renders life worth living�Q��ؓ(f��)saying的宾语，宾语从句中it指代suffering�?/p>

　　【翻译要炏V��①本句主语one�Q�可以翻译�ؓ(f��)“�h们”或者“我们”。主�q�可以翻译�ؓ(f��)“我们可以解释贝多芬的大部分作品”�?/p>

　　②主�q�之后的状语�Q�可以翻译�ؓ(f��)“通过说痛苦是无法避免的，但是与之相抗争的勇气使得生命值得�l�箋。�?/p>

　　③整合主�qԌ��可以表达为“我们可以这栯���释贝多芬的大部分作品�Q�苦难是不可避免的，但是与痛苦抗争的勇气使得生命值得�l�箋。�?/p>

　　【译文�ȝ��】我们可以这栯���释贝多芬的大部分作品�Q�苦难是不可避免的，但是与痛苦抗争的勇气使得生命值得�l�箋�?/p>

　　相关推荐�Q?/p>