2014考研��p��作文范文:工业中的�U�密_跨考网

　　Secrecy in industry 工业中的�U�密

　　Two factors weigh heavily against the effectiveness of scientific research in industry. One is the general atmosphere of secrecy in which it is carried out, the other the lack of freedom of the individual research worker. In so far as any inquiry is a secret one, it naturally limits all those engaged in carrying it out from effective contact with their fellow scientists either in other countries or in universities, or even, often enough, in other departments of the same firm. The degree of secrecy naturally varies considerably. Some of the bigger firms are engaged in researches which are of such general and fundamental nature that it is a positive advantage to them not to keep them secret. Yet a great many processes depending on such research are sought for with complete secrecy until the stage at which patents can be taken out. Even more processes are never patented at all but kept as secret processes. This applies particularly to chemical industries, where chance discoveries play a much larger part than they do in physical and mechanical industries. Sometimes the secrecy goes to such an extent that the whole nature of the research cannot be mentioned. Many firms, for instance, have great difficulty in obtaining technical or scientific books from libraries because they are unwilling to have their names entered as having taken out such and such a book for fear the agents of other firms should be able to trace the kind of research they are likely to be undertaking.

　　有两个因素严重地妨碍着工业中科学研�I�的效率�Q�一是科研工作中普遍存在的保密气�?二是研究人员�~�Z��个�h自由。�Q何一��研�I����涉及��C��密，那些从事�U�研的�h员自然受��C��限制。他们不能和其他国家、其他大学、甚臛_��往不能与本公司的其他部门的同行们进行有效的接触。保密程度自然差别很大。某些大公司�q�行的研�I�属于一般和基础性的研究。因此不保密对他们才有利。然而，依赖�q�种研究的很多工艺程序是在完全保密的情况下进行的�Q�直到可以取得专利权的阶�D��ؓ止。更多的工艺�q�程�Ҏ(gu��)����׃��会取得专利权�Q�而是作�ؓ�U�方保存着。这在化学工业方面尤其突出。同物理和机械工业相比，化学工业中偶然发现的��Z��要多得多。有�Ӟ��保密竟达��C���q�样的程度，卌���研究工作的整个性质都不准提及。比如，很多公司�?a target="_blank">图书馆借阅�U�技书籍时感到很困难�Q�因为它们不愿让人家��C��它们公司的名字和借阅的某一本书。他们生怕别的公司的情报人员据此摸到他们可能要从事的某项�U�研��目�?/p>

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