2014考研英語(yǔ)寫作指導(dǎo)：文章的完成_跨考網(wǎng)

　　第一節(jié)　　作文寫作文體

　　對(duì)于考生來(lái)說，了解一點(diǎn)作文考試常用的文體知識(shí)很有必要。文章文體一般分為敘述文(Narration)、議論文(Argumentation)、說明文(Exposition)和描寫文(Description)。在實(shí)際寫作中，這幾種文體常常交叉使用，相輔相成，但主體仍以一種為主，其他為輔。從考研作文試題情況來(lái)看，主要為議論文，出題形式常常是針對(duì)某一事物或現(xiàn)象讓考生提出自己的看法。

　　議論文(Argumentation)

　　作者對(duì)某一問題或事件直接間接地進(jìn)行分析評(píng)論，表明自己的立場(chǎng)、觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度、主張，這就是議論。它常常用于學(xué)術(shù)論文，各種評(píng)論、短文、雜文、辯論等方面，應(yīng)用廣泛。

　　議論文的寫作要注意三個(gè)要素：1.提出論點(diǎn);2.組織論據(jù)，進(jìn)行論證;3.得出結(jié)論。常的論證方法包括夾議法、舉例法、比較對(duì)照當(dāng)、因果法、邏輯推量法(包括歸納法和演繹法)?？梢詮恼谡撟C，也可以用反證進(jìn)進(jìn)行反駁。例如：

　　Example 1

　　Television-the Wonder of Electronics

　　論點(diǎn)　　 As an art, television brings theatre and other cultural events into home. Its influence on the life of average people is incalculable :it can influence their thoughts, their likes and.

　　組織論據(jù)　dislikes, their speech, and even their dress. As an industry, TV provides.

　　進(jìn)行論證　jobs for hundreds of thousands who make TV sets and broadcasting equipment. It also provides work for actors, technicians, and others who put on programs, In addition, it can add to people’s store of knowledge. Education TV stations offer teaching in various subjects ranging from home nursing to art appreciation Through advertising, TV helps business and manufacturers sell their products to millions of persons.

　　得出結(jié)論　So TV the modern wonder of electronics, not only bring the world into home in sight and sound, also bring some other benefits to people.

　　Example1

　　Physical Exercise and Mental Advantage

　　論點(diǎn)　　　Physical exercise develops will.

　　Nobody can succeed at anything if the does not put his will.

　　以列舉法　into it. A man, who wishes to lift 300 pounds, can

　　組織論據(jù) do it, if he has a strong will. Some long

　　進(jìn)行論證　distance runners win after practicing day after day, year after year . A great many athletes get good reputation through nothing but a strong will which helps them realize their goals.

　　論點(diǎn)　　　Physical exercise develops judgment. There are many people who unable to make decision when

　　以列舉法　matters come to them. This is due to the fact that

　　組織論據(jù)　their judgment is not sound. An expert runner knows

　　進(jìn)行論證　when he should run faster and when slower. A table tennis player can use different strategies to defeat his opponent.

　　論點(diǎn)　　　Physical exercise develops self-confidence. Many persons do not trust themselves. As things come before

　　以列舉法　them, they usually hesitate, not knowing whether of not

　　組織論據(jù)　they have the ability to perform them. So a great deal

　　進(jìn)行論證　of time is usually wasted and matters are left unattended. This is because these people have no self-confidence. An expert athlete believes that he has had great ability in a certain sport and that he can compete with others in that sport. He does not hesitate and try his best to win the championship.

　　得出結(jié)論　Thus we see will, judgment and self-confidence can be developed by physical exercise.

　　(從上面兩例我們可以看出，作者以段落主題句提出論點(diǎn)，以擴(kuò)展句組織論扭，進(jìn)行論證，以結(jié)尾句進(jìn)行總結(jié)，得了結(jié)論。這與前面所說的段落發(fā)展方法是一致的。)