2014考研應(yīng)用文：書信寫作技巧及指導(dǎo)_跨考網(wǎng)

　　隨著時(shí)間的推移，2014考研的腳步越來越近，考生們都開始緊繃神經(jīng)，全力備考。下面，小編就給大家介紹一下應(yīng)用文中書信寫作的常用方法和技巧，希望能夠給考生的復(fù)習(xí)提供一定的幫助。

　　書信題型寫作是應(yīng)用文寫作中常見的功能性寫作形式，書信寫作的準(zhǔn)備一是宏觀，就是要掌握它的格式，基本框架，就是先寫什么，后寫什么;二是微觀，具體到語言如何使用。

　　一、書信寫作考察的結(jié)構(gòu)

　?、?日期，寫信人應(yīng)將寫信日期(年，月，日)放在書信正文的右上角，如Jan. 30th, 2010。

　　提醒：考研書信寫作沒有要求考生必須寫時(shí)間，如果沒有把握自己的時(shí)間書寫格式是正確的，建議考生不要寫，以免出錯(cuò)反而扣分。

　?、?稱呼，稱呼是寫信人對(duì)收信人的稱謂，稱呼可以根據(jù)收信人的性別，職務(wù)，婚姻狀況，姓名等個(gè)人信息來寫，如：Mr. Williams, Mrs. Bush, Professor Li, Dr. Smith, Dear Mum and Dad

　　如果寫信人不清楚收信人的具體姓名，職務(wù)等情況，可以寫：Dear Sir or Madam, To whom it may concern。

　　③ 正文，正文是書信的主要部分，在稱呼下方隔一或兩行處開始。考生寫正文時(shí)，要分層次進(jìn)行。書信正文通常由引言，展開段和結(jié)尾三個(gè)層次組成。

　　?引言，引言表明寫信人的寫信目的和寫信背景，一般僅限于一段，一兩句話即可。

　　提醒：此處考生容易犯一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤：照抄題目的表達(dá)，甚至原句，這是一個(gè)嚴(yán)重的錯(cuò)誤，在閱卷過程至少會(huì)扣到2分，希望廣大考生要注意。

　　?展開段，展開段內(nèi)容應(yīng)詳實(shí)，具體?？梢苑譃槿舾啥蝸韺?，每一段圍繞一個(gè)主題展開。

　　提醒：提醒廣大考生，題干中的要點(diǎn)必須全部包含，考生若是在漏掉一個(gè)要點(diǎn)(一般小作文有3個(gè)要點(diǎn))會(huì)至少扣掉3分。

　　?結(jié)尾，結(jié)尾部分通常比引言部分短，使用一兩句話表達(dá)一下希望或祝愿。

　?、?結(jié)束語，結(jié)束語是寫信人對(duì)收信人的謙稱，寫在正文下面二至三行處。公務(wù)等較正式的信件多采用Yours sincerely, Sincerely yours, Yours faithfully, Yours truly 等;私人信件，多采用Yours, With love, Yours affectionately 等。

　?、?簽名，簽名應(yīng)寫在結(jié)束語的下面。

　　二、主體段語言的操作

　　書信按照指令邊想邊寫。主體第一段一句話，開門見山，提出寫信的目的，表明信的性質(zhì)：是投訴信還是申請(qǐng)信還是請(qǐng)求信?我為什么要寫這封信?常用句式包括：

　　I am writing to complain about…

　　I am writing to thank… for… /express my gratitude for …

　　I am writing to ask for…

　　I am writing to apply for…

　　正文第二段，100個(gè)字左右，8、9句話。

　　此段寫作的中心任務(wù)是把題目中的提綱進(jìn)行擴(kuò)展。如果有3條提綱，可以每一條提綱擴(kuò)充3句。怎么樣擴(kuò)充，主要是發(fā)揮點(diǎn)小小的想象力，有兩種思路，一是將上義拆分成為若干下義，二是把一件事情說得更為形象具體。比如第一條指令，題目里面說是books，可以細(xì)化為各種各樣的書，這就是下義拆分法。還可以具體描寫一下這些書是什么樣子的。同樣第二個(gè)指令里面的methods of payment,和第三個(gè)指令里面的time and way of delivery都可以采用這兩種方法進(jìn)行擴(kuò)展。

　　結(jié)尾，一般為禮貌性的套話，一般都是焦急等待著您的回信I am looking forward to your reply足以，或者I would appreciate it if you could send a replay at your earliest convenience也行。

　　以下為書信寫作中常用的經(jīng)典句型參考，希望大家在寫作中活學(xué)活用。

　　常用起首語

　　1) Looking forward to your early reply

　　2) Hoping to hear from you soon

　　3) I hope to hear from you very soon。

　　4) We look forward to your reply at your earliest convenience。

　　5) Your early reply will be highly appreciated。

　　6) I hope everything will be well with you。

　　7) Please let us know if you want more information。

　　8) I wish you very success in the coming year。

　　9) Please remember me to your family。

　　10) With best regards to your family。

　　11) All the best。

　　12) With love and good wishes。

　　求職申請(qǐng)信常用句型

　　1. In reply to your advertisement in ~,I respectfully offer my services for the situation。

　　2. With reference to your advertisement in ~ for a / an ~,I offer myself for the post。

　　3. Please consider me an applicant for the position which you advertised in ~。

　　4. Having noticed the enclosed advertisement in ~,I wish to apply for the position referred to。

　　5. In answer to your advertisement in ~ for a ~,I wish to tender my services。

　　6. Your advertisement for a ~ in ~ has interested me. I feel I can fill that position。

　　7. Shall you need an experienced ~ for your ~ next SUMMER?

　　8. I have been for over five years in the employment of a / an ~ company

　　9. I have been in the business for the last ~ years, and worked as the director of the…department。

　　10. I've had ~ years' experience with a company as a ~。

　　11. For the last ~ years, I have been and still am a / an ~。

　　12. I'm ~ years of age, female / male, and have had ~ years' experience in a limited company's ~ office

　　13. I should be very glad to have a personal interview and can furnish references if desired。

　　14. If you desire an interview, I shall be most happy to call in person, on any day and at any time you may appoint。

　　15. Should you think favorably of my application, kindly grant me an interview。

　　16. I trust that you'll give this application your favorable consideration。

　　17. Should you give me a trial, I’ll do my utmost to afford you every satisfaction。

　　申訴信常用句型

　　1. I am sorry to say that we are greatly inconvenienced by the fact that ~。

　　2. I am writing this letter to complain about ~。

　　3. I really must complain about the quality of the ~ I recently got from your company。

　　4. You seem to have supplied us with a product that falls far below the standard we expect。

　　5. The ~ I ordered from your store arrived broken. Obviously, no packing had been placed in the box before it was sent from the warehouse。

　　6. It is now over ~ since we made the above order with you, but the ~ we need badly now haven't arrived yet。

　　7. The product I purchased from you ~ proved to be quite a disappointment. Although it looks exactly the same as the one I saw in your commercial, it actually does not perform the same way。

　　8. As I have no interest in receiving a replacement, I am returning the product to you and demand that a full refund be made to me。

　　9. I'd appreciate it very much if you refund the money I have paid for it。

　　10. We would appreciate it if you would arrange for the replacement of the damaged items。

　　感謝信常用句式參考：

　　1. Let me tell you how much I liked / appreciated / enjoyed…

　　2. I want you to know how much we / I appreciate…

　　3. We appreciate your taking time to …

　　4. I don’t know how I would have managed without your help

　　5. I hope I can return the favor someday

　　6. Do let me know if I can ever return the favor

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