考研英語作文高分秘籍：練好“逗號六式”_跨考網(wǎng)

　　熟悉考研英語的同學(xué)都應(yīng)該知道，英語作文采用的是總體評分法，作文評卷老師主要憑借總體印象打分，而我國老師評卷時往往看重的是語言。因此語言的順暢、優(yōu)美直接影響到實際作文分?jǐn)?shù)的高低。鑒于不少考生英語作文寫作語言生硬平淡、單調(diào)乏味、缺少變通。本文將結(jié)合往屆考研作文，跨考考研英語輔導(dǎo)專家從標(biāo)點符號這一常被大家忽略的方面破解考研高分作文的機密，并為總結(jié)出“逗號六式”的使用方法，希望能對廣大考生寫作時提高語言表達有所裨益。

2014考研暑期：公共課全程復(fù)習(xí)指導(dǎo)

　　第一式：非限制性定語從句的試用

　　1.Nomadays,the call for quality-oriented education is becoming widesperad and the drawbacks of testoriented education,which have aroused great concern throughout China,are becoming increasingly apparent.

　　2.The shar pcontrast hinges on the Protection of the greenhouse，which determines in a large measure the life and death ofthe lovely flower.

　　3.This trend began during the Second World War，when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generaly be foreseen in detail

　　逗號前后是我們寫作時構(gòu)造復(fù)雜多變、精彩生動句子結(jié)構(gòu)的突破口。上述三例中我們合理巧妙地運用了非限制性定語從句，使前后兩個分句有機地連接起來，顯得連貫、自然。例1用關(guān)系代詞which (非限制性定語從句不能用that)代替逗號前整個分句的意思。這樣就把原本要用兩個句子來表達的信息通過定語從句壓縮為一個主從復(fù)合句，顯得簡潔、不羅嗉。例2用關(guān)系代詞which代替逗號前先行詞the green house，通過非限制性定語從句進一步說明溫室對于鮮花存活的重要性。例3中逗號前先行詞是表時間，因此用關(guān)系代詞when引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，將主要信息移置逗號之后，取得“尾重”或“末尾聚焦(end—weight)”的效果。其實考生們對于非限制性定語從句的用法不可謂不熟，但可能就是缺乏用多種手段銜接分句的意識。

　　第二式：非謂語動詞做狀語的使用

　　1.By contrast，when removed from the greenhouse，the protective umbrella，it struggles helplessly against the sudden attack of storms，only tO wither away.

　　2.Parents are too eager to mold their kids,disregarding their individuality with a callous attitude toward their personal development.

　　3.School—age children are often seen carring bulging bags on their backs,weighed down on their way to and form school every day.

　　非謂語動詞有四種變現(xiàn)形式，即動詞不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞和動名詞。利用這幾種非謂語動詞形式(動名詞不能做狀語除外)做狀語，能很好地突出信息，取得信息“末尾聚焦(end—weight)”的效果。例1用only加動詞不定式表示出乎意料的結(jié)果，做結(jié)果狀語。從而將備受溺愛的孩子們不更世事、不堪一擊的慘狀和盤托出。例2用現(xiàn)在分詞做結(jié)果狀語，表示一種必然的發(fā)展趨勢，即結(jié)果在意料之中。例3用過去分詞做伴隨狀語，將飽受應(yīng)試教育摧殘的學(xué)齡兒童那苦不堪言的情形栩栩如生地勾勒了出來，辛辣的嘲諷宛然可見。當(dāng)然這幾種非謂語動詞形式也可放在逗號前面一分句或句子中間，如

　　4.Weighing boththese arguments.I can cometOthe conclusionthatthereis no need tO take SO drastic a step as doing away with this custom.(現(xiàn)在分詞做時間狀語)

　　5.An old peasant，bringing his own food，volunteered as a guide for US.(現(xiàn)在分詞做伴隨狀語)

　　非謂語動詞做狀語到底放在前還是放在后似乎沒有絕對的要求。但一般來說，做伴隨狀語時可前可后做原因狀語時放在前面較多，間或放在后面;做時間狀語時一般放在句子前，做結(jié)果狀語時一般放在后半分句，做條件狀語時一般放在前面分句，等等。

　　第三式：同位語或插入語的使用

　　1. AS iS distinct from above，the number“13”.along-held symbol of ominous.ness in the eyes of most westerners，seems tO be plaguing them.

　　2. By contrast，when removed from the greenhouse，the protective umbrella，it struggles helplessly against the sudden attack of storms，only tO wither away.

　　3.Specifically，the number…6’，as they strongly believe，is closely associated with smoothness in the Chinese culture.

　　同位語或插入語一般插在主謂語之間，一般由名詞詞組(如例l、2)、介詞詞組(如in my opinion，in other words等)、從句(如例3)、不定式短語、現(xiàn)在分詞短語充當(dāng)。它們能起到補充說明的作用。除此之外，插入語還可對整句話表示解釋，如：

　　4.There were twenty people present，to be precise.(不定式短語做插入語)

　　5. Roughly speaking，these countries are the most densely—populated in Asia.(現(xiàn)在分詞短語做插入語)