2018年研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語(yǔ)二真題及解析（跨考官方版）

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        Section I Use of English

　　Directions：

　　Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

　　why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful?Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty,according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people wiill 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3.

　　In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students' willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist?Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked.

　　Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified;another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified 7 left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would 8 .Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, 9 the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.

　　The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans,much the same as the basic drives for 11 or shelter,says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct-it can 12 new scientific advances, for instance-but sometimes such 13 can backfire.The insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to 15 ,however. In a final experiment,participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to see such an image.These results suggest that imagining the 18 of following through on one's curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor. Thinking about long-term 20 is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity."Hsee says.In other words,don't read online comments.

　　1. A.resolveB.protectC.discussD.ignore

　　2.A.refuseB.waitC.seekD.regret

　　3.A.riseB.lastC.misleadD.hurt

　　4.A.alertB.tieC.exposeD.treat

　　5.A.messageB.trialC.reviewD.concept

　　6.A.removeB.weakenC.deliverD.interrupt

　　7. A.UnlessB.IfC.ThoughD.When

　　8. A.happenB.continueC.disappearD.change

　　9. A.rather thanB.such asC.regardless ofD.owing to

　　10. A.disagreeB. forgiveC.forgetD.discover

　　11. A.payB.marriageC.foodD.schooling

　　12.A.begin withB.rest onC.learn fromD.lead to

　　13.A. withdrawalB. inquiryC .persistenceD.diligence

　　14.A.self-destiuctiveB.self-reliantC. self-evidentD.self-deceptive

　　15.A.resistB.defineC.replaceD.trace

　　16.A.predictB.overlookC.designD.conceal

　　17. A.rememberB.chooseC.promiseD.pretend

　　18. A.reliefB.planC.outcomeD.duty

　　19.A. whetherB.whyC.whereD.how

　　20. A.limitationsB.investmentsC.strategiesD.consequences

　　Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension

　　Part A

　　Directions:

　　Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)

　　Text 1

　　It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.

　　Mr.Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization, but practical. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike chain?

　　As Koziatek knows,there is learning in just about everything. Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.

　　But he’s also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority.Schools in the family of vocational education “have that stereotype..that it’s for kids who can’t make it academically,”he says.

　　On one hand,that viewpoint is a logical product of America’s evolution.Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was.The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated.More education is the new principle.We want more for our kids,and rigitfully so.

　　But the headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all -and the subtle devaluing of anything less-misses an important point:That’s not the only thing the American economy neds.Yes,a bachelor’s degree opens more doors.But even now,54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs,such as construction and high-skill manufacturing.But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained.

　　In other words,at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head,frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing,one obvious solution is staring us in the face.There is a gap in working-class jobs,but the workers who need those jobs most aren’t equipped to do them.Koziatek’s Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.

　　Koziatek’s school is a wake-up call.When education becomes one-size-fits-all,it risks overlooking a nation’s diversiy of gifts.

　　21.A brokan bike chain is mentioned to show students’ lack of______.

　　A.mechanical memorization

　　B.academic training

　　C.practical ability

　　D.pioneering spirit

　　22.There existsthe prejudice that vocational education is for kids who______.

　　A.are financially disadvantaged

　　B.are not academically successful

　　C.have a stereotyped mind

　　D.have no career motivation

　　23.We can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates______.

　　A.are entitled to more “ducational privileges

　　B.are reluctant to work in manufacturing

　　C.used to have more job opportunities

　　D.used to have big financial concerns

　　24.The headlong push into bacheloi’s degrees for all_____.

　　A.helps create a lot of middle-skill jobs

　　B.may narrow the gap in working-class jobs

　　C.is expected to yield a better-trained workforce

　　D.indicates the overvaluing of higher education

　　25.The author’s attitude toward Koziatek’s school can be described as_____.

　　A.supportive

　　B.disappointed

　　C.tolerant

　　D.cautious

　　21. 答案 C practical ability

　　這是一道細(xì)節(jié)題，根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞可定位至第二段最后一句話,意思是”什么時(shí)候這種觀點(diǎn)變得可接受了呢?學(xué)生應(yīng)該能夠說(shuō)出美國(guó)第十三任總統(tǒng)的名字，但是卻完全對(duì)壞了的自行車鏈?zhǔn)譄o(wú)策”。從作者使用問(wèn)句的形式就可判斷出作者并不接受這種觀點(diǎn)，即學(xué)生只學(xué)會(huì)書(shū)本上的知識(shí)而不具備實(shí)際能力。再結(jié)合上一句話即本段第二句話，Mr Koziatek是New Hampshire高中的一名老師，在這所學(xué)校，學(xué)習(xí)不只是書(shū)本上的知識(shí)，或者是為了考試，也不是為了機(jī)械化的記憶，而是為了實(shí)際的技能。能看出，作者認(rèn)為學(xué)生們?nèi)鄙俚氖菍?shí)際技能，所以答案是C practical ability.

　　22. 答案 B are not academically successful

　　這是一道具體細(xì)節(jié)題，根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞職業(yè)教育對(duì)孩子存在的偏見(jiàn)可定位至第四段最后一句，意思是“在很多職業(yè)化教育的學(xué)校中，有這樣一種老套的思想，那就是，職業(yè)教育是針對(duì)那些在學(xué)術(shù)上不能成功的那些孩子的。”根據(jù)這句話可確定答案就是B are not academically successful 。其他選項(xiàng)均不符合文意。

　　23.答案C used to have more job opportunities

　　這是一道細(xì)節(jié)推斷題，根據(jù)題干第五段和high school graduates 回到原文定位致第五段第三句，說(shuō)到美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)曾經(jīng)提供給高中畢業(yè)生的那種the job security已經(jīng)在很大程度上evaporated也就是消失了，那說(shuō)明過(guò)去的時(shí)候高中畢業(yè)生是有職業(yè)安全感的，故選C，其他選項(xiàng)都不在定位處，可以排除。

　　24.答案D indicate the overvaluing of higher education

　　這是一道事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題，根據(jù)題干內(nèi)容“the headlong push”找到出處是第六段開(kāi)頭But后，發(fā)現(xiàn)后面還有一個(gè)and...和其并列，所以主要關(guān)注對(duì)這兩部分的評(píng)價(jià)，后面有明顯的標(biāo)點(diǎn)：冒號(hào)出現(xiàn)，冒號(hào)后說(shuō)that is not the only thing the American economy needs. 可以看出這句話對(duì)前面的否定，選項(xiàng)中只有D選項(xiàng)動(dòng)詞overvalue是負(fù)面詞，而且提到主題詞education。故選D。這道題最適合用感情色彩來(lái)排除與D相反的其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)。

　　25.答案A supportive

　　這是一道態(tài)度題，放在最末的態(tài)度題更傾向于到最后一段找答案。通過(guò)定位詞Koziatek’s school 看到最后一段也確實(shí)提到了，說(shuō)它是一個(gè)wake-up call。也就是在喚醒人們教育不應(yīng)該是統(tǒng)一的形式，這樣會(huì)overlooking a nation’s diversity of gifts，也就是忽視人才的差異性。所以可以看出作者是支持的態(tài)度。

　　Text2

　　While fossil fuels- coal,oil,gas- still generate roughly 85 percent of the world's energy supply,it'sclearer than ever that the future belongs to renewablesources such as wind and solar.The move to renewables is picking up momentumaround the world: They now account for more than half ofnew power sourcesgoing on line.

　　Some growth stems from a commitment bygovernments and farsighted Businssesto fundcleanerenergy sources.But increasinglythestoryisabout theplummeting prices of renewables,especially wind and solar.The cost of solarpanels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close taone-third in the past eight years.

　　In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source.In Scotland,for example, wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent of homes. While the rest of the world takes the lead, notably China and Europe, the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift. In March,for the first time,wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated in the US,reported the US Energy Information Administration.

　　President Trump has underlined fossil fuels - especially coal - as the path to economic growth. In a recent speech in Iowa, he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source, But that message did not play well with many in Iowa,where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of the state's electricity generation - and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.

　　The question “what happens when the wind doesn't blow or the sun doesn'tshine?" has provided a quick put-down for skeptics. But a boost in the storage apacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.

　　The advance is driven in par by vehicle manufacturers, who are placing big bets on battery-powered electric vehicles. Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now. this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.

　　While there's a long way to go,the trend lines for renewables are spiking. The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up perhaps: just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change.What Washington does-or doesn't do- to promote alternative energy may mean less and less a time of a global shift in thought.

　　26.The word "plummeting"(Line 3,Para.2)is closest in meaning to ______

　　A.stabilizing

　　B.changing

　　C.falling

　　D.rising

　　27. According to Paragraph 3,the use of renewable energy in America ______

　　A. is progressing notably

　　B. is as extensive as in Europe

　　C. faces many challenges

　　D. has proved to be impractical

　　28. It can be learned that in Iowa,

　　______.

　　A. wind is a widely used energy source

　　B. wind energy has replaced fossil fuels

　　C. tech giants are investing in clean energy

　　D. there is a shortage of clean energy supply

　　29. Which of the following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs 5&6?A. Its application has boosted battery storage.B. It is commonly used in car manufacturing.C. Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.D. Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult. 30. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy _____.

　　A. will bring the US closer to other countries

　　B. will accelerate global environmental change

　　C. is not really encouraged by the US government

　　D. is not competitive enough with regard to its cost

　　30. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy _____.

　　A. will bring the US closer to other countries

　　B. will accelerate global environmental change

　　C. is not really encouraged by the US government

　　D. is not competitive enough with regard to its cost

　　26.答案 C falling

　　這是一道詞義句意題，要想知道plummeting 的意思，首先要回到原文找線索，即plummeting所在的句子以及上下句，由原文可知，plummeting所在句子是在說(shuō)現(xiàn)在例如風(fēng)能和太陽(yáng)能這樣的可再生資源的價(jià)格的問(wèn)題，plummeting是修飾可再生資源的價(jià)格的，接著二段最后一句就在用具體數(shù)字來(lái)證明可再生資源的成本在下降，如太陽(yáng)能成本下降了百分之八十，風(fēng)能也降到三分之一，由此可知，可再生資源的成本在下降，plummeting的含義是下降的意思。所以選擇C falling。

　　27. 答案 A is progressing notably

　　這是一道具體細(xì)節(jié)題，根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位至第三段第三句及第四句，意思是“在中國(guó)和歐洲等國(guó)家已經(jīng)領(lǐng)先時(shí)，美國(guó)也在見(jiàn)證著巨大的改變。根據(jù)美國(guó)能源信息局報(bào)道，三月份，美國(guó)首次使用風(fēng)能和太陽(yáng)能產(chǎn)生了超過(guò)百分之十以上的能源。”這足以說(shuō)明在美國(guó)，可再生能源的使用正在取得顯著地進(jìn)步。所以答案是A。

　　28. 答案 A wind is a widely used energy source

　　這是一道細(xì)節(jié)推斷題，根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位至第四段第三句，在愛(ài)荷華州，風(fēng)力渦輪機(jī)點(diǎn)綴著這個(gè)州并提供了此州百分之三十六的電能，并且還吸引了像微軟這樣的科技巨頭公司。因此可判斷，在愛(ài)荷華州，風(fēng)能是一種廣泛使用的能源。所以答案是A。

　　29.答案 C its continuous supply is becoming a reality

　　這是一道是非細(xì)節(jié)題，根據(jù)題干給出的段落位置，5-6兩段和主題詞clean energy，回到原文的第5-6段，這兩段都不長(zhǎng)，第五段出現(xiàn)了But后講到電池容量的提升a boost in the storage，與A選項(xiàng)不符，并不是因果關(guān)系，故排除;B選項(xiàng)說(shuō)道廣泛用在制造業(yè)也不符合原文第六段第一句;而D選項(xiàng)和原文第六段最后一句是語(yǔ)義相反的，故也排除;正確選項(xiàng)C是和這句話語(yǔ)義一致的，也是和全文主題一致的，故為正確答案。

　　30.答案C is not really encouraged by the US government

　　這是一道細(xì)節(jié)推斷題，題干問(wèn)“根據(jù)最后一段可以推斷出來(lái)可再生能源怎么了”，回到原文最后一段第一句就表明盡管還有很長(zhǎng)一段路要走，可再生能源發(fā)展的趨勢(shì)在增強(qiáng)。后面也提到改變的節(jié)奏在加快，對(duì)slowing氣候變化有meaningful effect，所以可以看出B選項(xiàng)accelerate...是不對(duì)的，D選項(xiàng)中提到的價(jià)格不具有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力不在本段當(dāng)中，也應(yīng)排除。剩下的兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)都提到了美國(guó)，就應(yīng)該重點(diǎn)看最后一句，最后一句提到華盛頓政府做或不做什么都may mean less and less...所以可以看出美國(guó)不應(yīng)該是和其他國(guó)家更近，排除A，所以選C，美國(guó)不是真正支持可再生能源的。

　　Text 3

　　The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing —Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for $13.5bn, but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service, which doesn’t have any physical product at all. What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed web of its users’ friendships and social lives.

　　Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities, but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through. Even without knowing what was in the messages, the knowledge of who sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and still could be. What political journalist, what party whip, would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Theresa May’s enemies are currently plotting? It may be that the value of Whole Foods to Amazon is not so much the 460 shops ft owns, but the records of which customers have purchased what.

　　Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power. But it is clumsy. For one thing, it is very slow compared to the pace of change within the digital economy. By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace, to be replaced by new abuses of power. But there is a deeper conceptual problem, too. Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services don’t pay for them. The users of their services are not their customers. That would be the people who buy advertising from them — and Facebook and Google, the two virtual giants, dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all other media and entertainment companies.

　　The product they’re selling is data, and we, the users, convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants. Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphids for the honeydew they produce whe

　　31.According to Paragraph1，F(xiàn)acebook acquired WhatsApp for its 。

　　A.digialproducts

　　B.userinformation

　　C.physical assets

　　D.quality service

　　32.Linking phone numbers to Faccbook identities may

　　A.worsen political disputes

　　B.mess up customer records

　　C.pose a risk to Facebook users

　　D.mislead the European commission

　　33.According to the author，competition law

　　A.should serve the new market powers

　　B.may worsen the economic imbalancens

　　C.should not provide just one legal solution

　　D.cannot keep pace with the changing market

　　34.Competition law as presently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook nsers

　　Because

　　A.they are no defined as customers

　　B.they are not financially reliable

　　C.these rvices aregenerally digital

　　D.the services are paid for by advertisers

　　35.The ants analogy is used to llustrate

　　A.a win-win business model between digital giants

　　B.a typical competition pattem among digital giants

　　C.the benefits provided for digital giants' customers

　　D.the relationship between digital giants and their users

　　31. 答案 [B]user information

　　解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干信息定位到第一段第二句。該句提到兩年前Facebook花了更多的錢(qián)獲得了WhatsApp的信息服務(wù)。接著提到WhatsApp提供給Facebook的是關(guān)于其用戶的朋友圈以及社會(huì)生活等具體精煉的信息。由此可知，B項(xiàng)為正確答案。

　　32. 答案[C]pose a risk to Facebook users

　　解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞linking the phone number定位第二段第一句。該句提到Facebook向歐洲委員會(huì)承諾不會(huì)把用戶的電話號(hào)與Facebook的身份認(rèn)證連系到一起，但是協(xié)議通過(guò)之后Facebook立馬失信。接下來(lái)提到“甚至都不清楚信息里面都有什么，也不知誰(shuí)發(fā)的消息，發(fā)送的目的又是什么”。因此，可能會(huì)給用戶造成風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。因此C項(xiàng)符合文意。

　　33. 答案 [D]cannot keep pace with the changing market

　　解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞competition law 定位到第三段第一句。該句指出“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)法似乎成為解決這些不平等權(quán)力的唯一辦法，但是此法案太過(guò)笨拙”。下一句提到“一方面，相比于數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)變化的速度，此法案發(fā)展是非常緩慢的”。由此可知，該法案跟不上當(dāng)前市場(chǎng)變化的步伐。因此D項(xiàng)為正確答案。

　　34. 答案[D]the services are paid for by advertisers.

　　解析：根據(jù)題目中的because 可確定為因果細(xì)節(jié)題。題干中的信息出現(xiàn)在第三段后半部分，是題目中的原詞 competition law as presently interpreted，而原因在其后面的句子。下文寫(xiě)到，the users of their services are not，讀到這里的not，一定要找而是誰(shuí)。繼續(xù)讀下一句，That would be the people who buy advertising from them…，與選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)，可得出[D]the services are paid for by advertisers。

　　35. 答案[D]the relationship between digital giants and their users.

　　解析：根據(jù)題目中is used to illustrate可判斷為例證題，要找到the ants analogy論據(jù)所證明的論點(diǎn);論點(diǎn)在論據(jù)之前，因此先找到論據(jù)the ants analogy，再找到論據(jù)前的論點(diǎn)句。所以本題定位到最后一段的第一句，The product …is data，and we…convert our lives to data…。此句中，data即digital giants，we 即 users。因此答案為[D]the relationship between digital giants and their users.

　　Text4

　　To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy, Cal Newport,author of Deep Work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted World,recommends building a habit of “deep work” - the ability to fucus without distraction.

　　There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work - be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task; developing a daily ritual;or taking a “journalistic” approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can throughout the day. Whichever approach,the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.

　　Newport also recommends “deep scheduling” to combat constant interruptions and get more done in less time. “At any given point, I should have deep work scheduled for roughly the next month.Once on the calendar, I protect this time like I would a doctor’s appointment or important meeting,” he writes.

　　Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you prioritise your day-in particular how we craft our to-do lists.Tim Harford, author of Messy: The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives, points to a study in the early 1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups: some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities; others were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail, day by day.

　　While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most effective when it come to the execution of tasks, they were wrong: the detailed daily plans demotivated students. Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective,while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.

　　In order to make the most of our focus and energy, we also need to embrace downtime, or as Newport suggests, “be lazy.”

　　“Idleness is not just a vacation, an indulgence or a vice; it is as indispensable to the brain as vitamin D is to the body...[idleness] is ,paradoxically, necessary to getting any work done,” he argues.

　　Srini Pillay, an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, believes this counterintuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate. When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task, they tend to be more efficient.

　　“What people don’t realise is that in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain，” says Pillay.

　　Text4

　　36. The key to mastering the art of deep work is to______

　　A. seize every minute to work

　　B. list you immediate tasks

　　C. make specific daily plans

　　D. Keep to your focus time

　　37. The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that

　　A. students are hardly motivated by monthly goals

　　B. detailed plans may not be as fruitful as expected

　　C. distractions may actually increase efficiency

　　D. daily schedules arc indispensable to studying

　　38. According to Newport, idleness is __________-

　　A. a desirable mental state for busy people

　　B. a major contributor to physical health

　　C. an effective way to save time and energy

　　0. an essential factor in accomplishing any work

　　39. Pillay believes that our brain’s shift between being focused and infocused ______

　　A. can bring about greater efficiency

　　B. can result in psychological well-being

　　C. is driven by task urgency

　　D. is aimed at better balance in work

　　40. This text is mainly about_____

　　A. approaches to getting more done in less time

　　B. Ways to relieve the tension of busy life

　　C. The key to eliminating distractions

　　D. The cause of the lack of focus time

　　36. 答案[D]keep to your focus time

　　解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干的mastering the art of deep work定位到第二段首句。該句指出“有很多種掌握深度工作的方法-不論是專注于指定工作時(shí)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的后退，或者養(yǎng)成慣例，還是當(dāng)你一天有閑暇之余采用紀(jì)實(shí)的方式捕捉深度工作的瞬間”。接著提到“不論是那種方式，關(guān)鍵在于確定你的專注力時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度并保持專注”。由此可知，D項(xiàng)為正確答案。

　　37. 答案[B]detailed plans may not be as fruitful as expected

　　解析：例證題。根據(jù)題干時(shí)間信息1980s以及Harford定位到第四段與第五段。第四段首句指出另一種短時(shí)間做更多事情的方法是反思怎么才能優(yōu)先處理好你的一天-特別是制作我們待辦事項(xiàng)的方法。接著作者舉例大學(xué)生們分成小組每天做各種詳細(xì)復(fù)雜的任務(wù)。第五段首句用while畫(huà)風(fēng)一轉(zhuǎn)，表示這種復(fù)雜的任務(wù)讓學(xué)生們感到消極，并表示工作中難免會(huì)分散注意力，這將影響日常待辦事項(xiàng)的效率。可知，作者用反面例子來(lái)論證觀點(diǎn)，即復(fù)雜的計(jì)劃可能沒(méi)有像期望的那樣有效果。故選B項(xiàng)。

　　38. 答案[D]an essential factor in accomplishing any work.

　　解析：根據(jù)題目Newport得出本題目為細(xì)節(jié)題中的文中人物觀點(diǎn)題。根據(jù)題干中的idleness可定位到倒數(shù)第三段，idleness is not，讀到這里依然需要看下文，下面提到it is as…as…，is necessary to getting any work done。再對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)，可直接選出[D]an essential factor in accomplishing any work。

　　39. 答案[A]can bring about greater efficiency.

　　解析：根據(jù)題目中的Pillay believes 可得出本題目為細(xì)節(jié)題中的文中人物觀點(diǎn)題型。根據(jù)題目中的信息，可以定位到倒數(shù)第二段最后一句，明確指出they tend to be more efficient。然后對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)得出[A]can bring about greater efficiency。

　　40. 答案[A]approaches to getting more done in less time.

　　解析：根據(jù)題目的mainly about可知為文章主旨題，首先可以通過(guò)題目的復(fù)現(xiàn)內(nèi)容找與文章主旨有關(guān)的詞匯，題目中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)了focus內(nèi)容，可判斷與人們的注意力有。其次，文章主旨一般在開(kāi)篇第一段或第二段會(huì)出現(xiàn)，第一段引用Cal Newport的觀點(diǎn)指出focus without distraction話題，第二段就提到了主題approaches to mastering thd art of deep work，此刻主題已明確，并且第四段有明顯的證明another approach。所以本題選[A]approaches to getting more done in less time。

　　Part B

　　Directions:

　　Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs(41-45).There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.

　　41.選B。該小標(biāo)題需要涵蓋三段內(nèi)容。第一段開(kāi)始說(shuō)到你想跟陌生人說(shuō)話，但是“it just won’t come out”，提到說(shuō)話說(shuō)不出來(lái)，隨后直接出現(xiàn)我的建議“My advice：just get it out“，即去說(shuō)。所以選B：Just say it去說(shuō)

　　42，選F。該小標(biāo)題下第一段第一句話就說(shuō)了你時(shí)間有限“you have limited time”，然后說(shuō)到如果陷到寒暄當(dāng)中“hi，hello，how are you， what is going on”會(huì)讓對(duì)話沒(méi)法令人印象深刻。下一段“So”表明結(jié)論，去問(wèn)更多個(gè)人問(wèn)題“personal questions”，所以選F：Skip the small talk跳過(guò)寒暄

　　43.選D。第一句話就說(shuō)到了第一次交談要找到共同點(diǎn)“have in common”，從這個(gè)共同點(diǎn)“that point”來(lái)開(kāi)展對(duì)話“build the conversation”，所以選D：find the “me too”s找到共同點(diǎn)

　　44.選A。第一段先舉例，說(shuō)你跟人講心事時(shí)，別人分心干別的。然后下一段“So”表明結(jié)論，人家跟你溝通，你要全心投入“wholeheartedly”。所以選A：Be Present，在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，也就是要專注的意思。

　　45，選E。第一句話就提到了忘記只見(jiàn)過(guò)一面的人的名字“name”。“So”后面又提到回憶地點(diǎn)“places”和好惡的事情“things”等細(xì)節(jié)，所以選E：Name，places，things

　　Section III Translation

　　46.Directions：

　　Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)

　　A fifth grader gets a homework assignment to select his future career path from a list of occupations. He ticks “astronaut” but quickly adds “scientist” to the list and selects it as well. The boy is convinced that if he reads enough, he can explore as many career paths as he likes. And so he reads—everything from encyclopedias to science fiction novels. He reads so passionately that his parents have to institute a “no reading policy” at the dinner table.

　　That boy was Bill Gates, and he hasn’t stopped reading yet—not even after becoming one of the most successful people on the planet. Nowadays, his reading material has changed from science fiction and reference books: recently, he revealed that he reads at least 50 nonfiction books a year. Gates chooses nonfiction titles because they explain how the world works. “Each book opens up new avenues of knowledge to explore”, Gates says.

　　【真題譯文】：

　　一個(gè)五年級(jí)的學(xué)生收到一份家庭作業(yè)：即從一系列職業(yè)中選擇自己未來(lái)的職業(yè)道路。他勾劃了“宇航員”，但很快由將“科學(xué)家”添加到列表中，并也將其選中。這個(gè)男孩相信，如果他讀得足夠多，他就可以探索盡可能多的他喜歡的職業(yè)道路。所以他讀書(shū)廣泛——從百科全書(shū)到科幻小說(shuō)。他讀得如此投入，以至于他的父母不得不制定一個(gè)：在餐桌上的“不讀書(shū)政策”。

　　那個(gè)男孩就是比爾蓋茨，他沒(méi)有停止閱讀，甚至在他成為這個(gè)星球上最成功的人士之一后，仍舊沒(méi)有停下來(lái)?，F(xiàn)在，他的閱讀材料已經(jīng)不再是科幻小說(shuō)和工具書(shū)了：最近據(jù)他所說(shuō)，他一年內(nèi)至少讀了50本非科幻小說(shuō)。比爾蓋茨選擇非科幻小說(shuō)類書(shū)籍，是因?yàn)檫@類書(shū)籍解釋了世界是如何運(yùn)作的。“每本書(shū)都開(kāi)辟了新的知識(shí)探索渠道。”蓋茨說(shuō)。

　　Section IV Writing

　　Part A

　　47.

　　Directions:

　　Suppose you have to cancel your travel plan and will not be able to visit Professor Smith. Write him an email to

　　1) Apologize and explain the situation, and

　　2) Suggest a future meeting

　　You should write neatly on the ANWSER SHEET.

　　Do not sign you own name at the end of the letter, use “Li Ming ” instead.

　　Do not write the address .(10 points)

　　Dear Prof.Smith,

　　I am sorry to tell you that I have to cancel my travel plan to your city for some reasons,thus I am afraid that I couldn't visit you according to the due cource.So I am writing for the purpose of extending my sincere apology to you.

　　Actually, I miss you very much, but I received a notice suddenly that I have to attend an exam if I would love to apply for an opportunity for further study abroad.Nevertheless I haven't prepared for it very well Hence I have to spend more time and energy on it.

　　Please accpet my hearfelt apology again! I am really sorry for any inconvenience I caused. And I am honorable to ask if I could make an another appointment with you.I am looking forward to your response at your earliest convenience. Regards !

　　Yours faithfully,

　　Li MingePart B

　　48. Directions:

　　Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing, you should

　　1) interpret the chart, and

　　2) give your comments.

　　You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)

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