2018考研英語真題解析：寫作提分因素“5步走”

　　雖然英語作文需要依靠日積夜累，但并不是說短時間內(nèi)提高成績不可能，只要考生在復(fù)習(xí)的時候能夠抓住重點，一樣可以在短時間內(nèi)創(chuàng)造出高分奇跡。鑒于不少考生英語作文寫作語言單調(diào)乏味、缺少變通。本文將結(jié)合往屆考生的寫作特點，并采用“五步走”的方法，希望能對廣大考生寫作時能達到事半功倍的效果。

　　第一步：非限制性定語從句的使用

　　1.Nowadays,the call for quality-oriented education is becoming widespread and the drawbacks of test-oriented education,which have aroused great concern throughout China,are becoming increasingly apparent.

　　2.This trend began during the Second World War，when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.

　　逗號前后是我們寫作時構(gòu)造復(fù)雜多變、精彩生動句子結(jié)構(gòu)的突破口。上述兩例中我們合理巧妙地運用了非限制性定語從句，使前后兩個分句有機地連接起來，顯得連貫、自然。例1用關(guān)系代詞which 代替逗號前整個分句的意思。這樣就把原本要用兩個句子來表達的信息通過定語從句壓縮為一個主從復(fù)合句，顯得簡潔、精煉。例2中逗號前先行詞是表時間，因此用關(guān)系代詞when引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，將主要信息移置逗號之后，取得“末尾聚焦”的效果。其實考生們對于非限制性定語從句的用法不可謂不熟，但可能就是缺乏用多種手段銜接分句的意識。

　　第二步：非謂語動詞做狀語的使用

　　1.Parents are eager to control their kids,ignoring their individuality with a rigorous attitude toward their personal development.

　　2.School—age children are often seen carrying bags on their backs,weighed down on their way to and from school every day.

　　非謂語動詞有四種變現(xiàn)形式，即動詞不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞和動名詞。利用這幾種非謂語動詞形式(動名詞不能做狀語除外)做狀語，能很好地突出信息，取得信息“末尾聚焦”的效果。例1用現(xiàn)在分詞做結(jié)果狀語，表示一種必然的發(fā)展趨勢，即結(jié)果在意料之中。例2用過去分詞做伴隨狀語，將飽受應(yīng)試教育摧殘的學(xué)齡兒童那苦不堪言的情形栩栩如生地勾勒了出來，辛辣的嘲諷宛然可見。非謂語動詞做狀語到底放在前還是放在后似乎沒有絕對的要求。但一般來說，做伴隨狀語時可前可后但做原因狀語時放在前面較多，做時間狀語時一般放在句子前，做結(jié)果狀語時一般放在后半分句，做條件狀語時一般放在前面分句，等等。

　　第三步：同位語或插入語的使用

　　1.By contrast，when removed from the greenhouse，the protective umbrella，it struggles helplessly against the sudden attack of storms，only to wither away.

　　2.Specifically，the number 6’，as they strongly believe，is closely associated with smoothness in the Chinese culture.

　　同位語或插入語一般插在主謂語之間，一般由名詞詞組(例l)、介詞詞組(如in my opinion，in other words等)、從句(例2)、不定式短語(例3)、現(xiàn)在分詞(例4)短語充當(dāng)。它們能起到補充說明的作用。除此之外，插入語還可對整句話表示解釋，如：

　　3.There were twenty people present，to be precise.(不定式短語做插入語)

　　4. Roughly speaking，these countries are the most densely—populated in Asia.(現(xiàn)在分詞短語做插入語)

　　第四步：With結(jié)構(gòu)的使用

　　1.We now live in a society where competition in the job market rages，with graduates and job-hunters from all walks Of life scrambling for desirable jobs

　　2.As described in the picture.an American girl is wearing a Chinese costume characteristic of some minority group， with a sweet smile on her face.

　　3.These children can set their hearts at ease，with everything well—arranged by their parents.

　　4.He entered upon the new enterprise cautiously，with his eyes wide open.

　　With結(jié)構(gòu)總的說來有五種形式，即：With+名(代)詞+現(xiàn)在分詞(例1)，With+名(代)詞+過去分詞(例3)，With+名(代)詞+介詞短語(例2)，With+名(代)詞+副詞或形容詞(例4)，With+名(代)詞+不定式。With結(jié)構(gòu)可表原因(例1、3)、伴隨或方式(例2、4)、等。

　　第五步：獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的使用

　　1.Rosy dreams shattered，they are bewildering at the junction：“To be or not to be? That is the question”一Hamlet’s perplexed monologue is echoing in their ears.

　　2. “Just listen to this，”she says，her eyes glowing，her fingers pressed to my palm to hold my attention

　　3.The U.S.population expanding dramatically，the species of its wildlife has Witnessed a —corresp0nding decline in a span of two centuries.

　　4.He went off，gun in hand

　　5.The meal over，prayers were read by Miss Miller.

　　兩個或兩個以上分句間如果主語不一致時要用獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。所謂“獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”實質(zhì)就是帶自己主語的非限定分句和無動詞分句。它按結(jié)構(gòu)形式分為不定式“獨立結(jié)構(gòu)”、一ing分詞“獨立結(jié)構(gòu)”(例2、3)、一ed分詞“獨立結(jié)構(gòu)”(例1、2)和無動詞“獨立結(jié)構(gòu)”，即名(代)詞+介詞短語(例4)、名(代)詞+副詞(例5)或形容詞。

　　考研英語寫作短期提分比較難，但是掌握這“5步走”會讓你的寫作真正成為你的“寫作”，讓你的作文眼前一亮，分?jǐn)?shù)提高也只是時間問題。

　　本文為跨考教育英語教研室金哲老師原創(chuàng)，轉(zhuǎn)載請注明出處。