2016考研英語一真題及答案詳解：翻譯

Translation

Directions:

Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)

Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tide of emigration -one of the great folk wanderings of history-swept from Europe to America. 46) This movement, driven by powerful motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.

47) The United States is the product of two principal forces-the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. Of necessity, colonial America was a projection of Europe. Across the Atlantic came successive groups of Englishmen, Frenchmen, Germans, Scots, Irishmen, Dutchmen, Swedes, and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the new world. 48) But the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes. These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible. But the result was a new social pattern which, although it resembled European society in many ways, had a character that was distinctly American.

49)The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the fifteenth- and sixteenth-century explorations of North America. In the meantime, thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico, the West Indies, and South America. These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifully overcrowded craft. During their six- to twelve-week voyage, they subsisted on meager rations. Many of the ships were lost in storms, many passengers died of disease, and infants rarely survived the journey. Sometimes tempests blew the vessels far off their course, and often calm brought interminable delay.

To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brought almost inexpressible relief. Said one chronicler, "The air at twelve leagues' distance smelt as sweet as a new-blown garden." The colonists' first glimpse of the new land was a vista of dense woods. 50) The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia. Here was abundant fuel and lumber. Here was the raw material of houses and furniture, ships and potash, dyes and naval stores.

文章來源于An Outline of American History，《美國歷史綱要》，是一本歷史學(xué)方面的專著。

46 We don’t have to learn how to be mentally healthy; it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend a broken bone.

【句子結(jié)構(gòu)】分號連接的兩個并列句，第一個并列句主干是 We don’t have to learn ，how引導(dǎo)賓語從句做learn的賓語，第二個并列句主干是it is built into us in the same way，that引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾先行詞way，that定語從句中主干是our bodies know，how引導(dǎo)賓語從句做know的賓語。

【參考譯文】我們無需刻意去了解學(xué)習(xí)才能讓心理更健康，它正如我們的身體知道怎樣讓傷口愈合和修復(fù)骨折一樣，是根植于我們體內(nèi)的/是我們與生俱來的能力。

47 Our mental health doesn’t really go anywhere; like the sun behind a cloud, it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.

【句子結(jié)構(gòu)】分號連接的兩個并列句, 第一個并列句主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，很簡單，第二個并列句中，like the sun behind a cloud是狀語，but 連接兩個并列分句，包括短語be hidden from 和be capable of. 涉及被動語態(tài)的翻譯方法。

【參考譯文】我們的心理健康并不是真的消失不見，就像云朵背后的太陽，它也許暫時被遮擋，但是它也可以在瞬間重?zé)ü饷ⅰ?/p>

48 Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles, with kindness if they are in pain, and with unconditional love no matter who they are.

【句子結(jié)構(gòu)】句子主干是 Mental health allows us to view others， 三個并列with 引導(dǎo)的介詞短語做狀語，前兩個with引導(dǎo)的狀語中各包含一個if引導(dǎo)的條件狀從，最后一個with狀語中包含一個no matter 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語。

【參考譯文】 心理健康使我們在他人遇到麻煩時給予同情，在他人痛苦時心存善意，而且無論對方是誰都會給予無條件的關(guān)愛。

49、【參考譯文】盡管擁有健康的心智是我們生活中的萬能藥，但它并不稀奇，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)在你難以做決定時，它一直在指引著你。

【解析】本題有一個由although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，as引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，以及that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句構(gòu)成。此處“mental health”若是翻譯成心理健康與下文連接，則不符合中文表達(dá)習(xí)慣，又因mental本身與智力相關(guān)，所以將其翻譯成“健康的心智”;此外“perfectly ordinary”可以正譯，譯為“非常普遍”，本譯文采取正話反說的方式，譯為“并不稀奇”。再次，“difficult decisions”若翻譯為困難的決定，不符合中文的表達(dá)方式，所以將decision，名詞譯為動詞“做決定”。

50. As you will come to see, knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us slow down to the moment and live life happily.

【參考譯文】你會慢慢理解到，健康的心智會一直存在，堅信這一點，此刻我們就可以放慢生活節(jié)奏，快樂的生活。

【解析】本題由as 引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句組成，并且考察代詞“it”。“see”在此時了解而不是看到的意思，意思和knowing一致，隨意合并翻譯;“available”本意“可得到的”，句中意譯為“一直存在”。