2012年考研英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法精要：不定式_跨考網(wǎng)

????????二、不定式

　　1.不定式做主語(yǔ)

　　(1)做形式主語(yǔ)的代詞：

　　不定式做主語(yǔ), 通常用it充當(dāng)形式主語(yǔ), 把做主語(yǔ)的不定式短語(yǔ)后置。 如：

　　It took me only five minutes to finish the job.

　　To be frank, it is a great relief to have the task fulfilled in so short a time.

　　(2)引導(dǎo)邏輯主語(yǔ)的介詞：

　　不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)一般由介詞for引導(dǎo),但下列表示人的性格行為特征的形容詞做表語(yǔ)時(shí), 不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)則由of引導(dǎo)：

　　absurd, bold, brave, courageous, careful, careless, clever, wise, foolish, silly, stupid, good, nice, kind, thoughtful, considerate, greedy, generous, honest, modest, polite, rude, cruel, selfish, lazy, wicked, wrong。如：

　　Experts say walking is one of the best ways for a person to stay healthy.

　　It’s clever of you to have invented such a device.

　　(3)不定式做主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：

　　掌握常用不定式做主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的句型。注意不定式表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間，并采用相應(yīng)形式。如：

　　said

　　reported

　　thought

　　be to do sth.

　　believed

　　known

　　supposed

　　Byron is said to have lived on vinegar and potatoes.

　　The bank is reported in the local newspaper to have been robbed in broad daylight yesterday.

　　2.不定式做賓語(yǔ)

　　(1)必須接不定式做賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞：

　　掌握要求接不定式做賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞：

　　agree, afford, aim, arrange, appear, ask, attempt, choose, claim, decide, desire, determine, expect, fail, guarantee, hope, endeavor, intend, long, mean, manage, offer, ought, plan, pledge, pretend, prepare, promise, proceed, prove, resolve, refuse, request, swear, tend, try, venture, wait, wish。如：

　　Even though the children pretended to be asleep, the nurses were not deceived when they came into the room.

　　注意:

　　1)有的動(dòng)詞要求特殊疑問(wèn)詞+不定式做賓語(yǔ), 這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有：

　　consider, discover, explain, forget, guess, know, learn, observe, remember, see, tell, understand, wonder，如：

　　While still a young boy, Bizet knew how to play the piano well and as he grew older, he wrote operas, the most famous of which is Carmen.

　　2)如果該特殊疑問(wèn)詞在不定式中做介詞賓語(yǔ), 介詞往往置于該特殊疑問(wèn)詞的前面。如:

　　The professor can hardly find sufficient grounds on which to base his argument in favor of the new theory.

　　Without facts, we cannot form worthwhile opinion for we need to have factual knowledge upon which to base our thinking.

　　(2)可以用不定式做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(復(fù)合賓語(yǔ))的動(dòng)詞：

　　下列動(dòng)詞可以用不定式做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(復(fù)合賓語(yǔ))：

　　advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, command, compel, enable, determine, encourage, expect, feel, find, force, hate, have, hear, help, inform, invite, let, like, make, mean, need, notice, notify, oblige, order, permit, persuade, remind, request, require, see, send, teach, tell, tempt, trouble, urge, want, warn, watch, wish。

　　注意：畫(huà)線動(dòng)詞后面的不定式不帶to。

　　如：

　　Because of the recent accidents, our parents forbid my brother and me to swim in the river unless someone agrees to watch over us.