2019考研英語語法解析:非謂語動(dòng)詞(4)

最后更新時(shí)間:2018-03-01 15:23:07
輔導(dǎo)課程:暑期集訓(xùn) 在線咨詢
復(fù)習(xí)緊張,焦頭爛額?逆風(fēng)輕襲,來跨考秋季集訓(xùn)營,幫你尋方法,定方案! 了解一下>>
        時(shí)間真的過得太快,誰能想到2018年已經(jīng)過去兩個(gè)月,想要2019考研的同學(xué)們不要覺得時(shí)間還早,不要想著先過完年,再過完元宵節(jié)的,從今天開始,不,是從現(xiàn)在開始,學(xué)科基礎(chǔ)要抓好。下面是  跨考教育小編為大家總結(jié)的2019考研英語語法解析的內(nèi)容,希望能幫到大家。

  5.不定式和分詞作狀語的區(qū)別

  (1)現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作狀語的區(qū)別。

  現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語與過去分詞做狀語的最主要區(qū)別在于兩者與所修飾的主語的主動(dòng)與被動(dòng)關(guān)系的區(qū)別。

  1)現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時(shí),現(xiàn)在分詞的動(dòng)作就是句子主語的動(dòng)作,它們之間的關(guān)系是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。

  He went out shutting the door behind him.

  他出去后將門隨手關(guān)上。

  Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.

  由于不知如何辦是好,他去找父母幫忙。

  2)過去分詞作狀語時(shí),過去分詞表示的動(dòng)作是句子主語承受的動(dòng)作,它們之間的關(guān)系是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。

  Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.

  如果對這些樹多關(guān)心一些,它們本來會(huì)長得更好。

  Faced with difficulties, we must try to overcome them.

  在遇到困難的時(shí)候,我們必須設(shè)法克服。

  (2)動(dòng)詞不定式和分詞作狀語的區(qū)別

  1)分詞作狀語一般表示伴隨,而不定式常常表示目的。

  They stood by the roadside talking about the plan.他們站在路邊談?wù)撝@個(gè)計(jì)劃。(伴隨)

  They stood by the roadside to talk about the plan.他們站在路邊為的是談?wù)撨@個(gè)計(jì)劃。(目的)

  2)分詞作狀語放在句子開頭,除表示原因之外有時(shí)表示時(shí)間或條件。動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語時(shí),除了表示目的以外,還表示結(jié)果或原因。

  Reading attentively,he forgot the time for lunch.由于在專心讀書,他忘了吃午飯的時(shí)間。(原因)

  Reading carefully,he found something he had not known before.他仔細(xì)讀書時(shí),發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些從前不知道的東西。(時(shí)間)

  Reading carefully,you'll learn something new.只要你仔細(xì)閱讀,你會(huì)學(xué)到一些新的東西。(條件)

  His family was too poor to support him.他的家庭太窮,不能維持他的生活。(結(jié)果)

  The boy is not tall enough to reach the book shelf.這男孩個(gè)子不夠高,手伸不到書架。(結(jié)果)

  We are glad to hear the news.我們很高興聽到這消息。(原因)

  (3)下面一些句型是不定式做狀語時(shí)候應(yīng)該注意的:

  a:not/never too…to, too…not to , but/only too… to, too ready/eager/apt/inclined to 表示肯定意義

  b:做結(jié)果狀語的不定式只能出現(xiàn)在句子的末尾,常見的不定式動(dòng)詞有:find, hear, see, be told, form, give, make, produce 等。

  c:不定式做狀語時(shí),其邏輯主語一般為句子的主語,否則用for引導(dǎo)主語。

  6.非謂語動(dòng)詞??嫉钠渌Y(jié)構(gòu)

  (1)疑問詞+不定式結(jié)構(gòu)

  疑問詞who,what,which,when,where和how后加不定式可構(gòu)成一種特殊的不定式短語。它在句中可以用作主語、的賓語、的表語和雙重賓語。如:

  When to start has not been decided.何時(shí)動(dòng)身尚未決定。(主語)

  I don’t know what to do.我不知道該怎么辦。(賓語)

  The difficulty was how to cross the river.困難在于如何過河。(表語)

  I can tell you where to get this book.我可以告訴你哪里可以買到此書。(雙重賓語)

  (注)A.有時(shí)疑問詞前可用介詞,如:

  I have no idea of how to do it.我不知道如何做此事。

  B.動(dòng)詞know 后面不能直接跟不定式作賓語,只能跟疑問詞(如:how, what)+不定式:

  While still a young boy, Tom knew to play the piano well and as he grew older, he wrote operas, the most famous of which is Carmen.

  (2)介詞except和but作“只有…,只能…”講時(shí)跟不定式結(jié)構(gòu)(but與不帶to的不定式連用)。

  When the streets are full of melting snow, you cannot help but getting your shoes wet.

  (3)不帶to的不定式

  1)在表示生理感覺的動(dòng)詞后的不定式不帶to。這類詞有:

  feel 覺得 observe 注意到,看到 overhear聽到

  watch注視 listen to聽 perceive察覺,感知

  notice注意 see看見 look at看 hear聽

  On seeing the young child fell into the lake,Eric sprang to his feet,and went on the rescue.

  2)另一類是某些使役動(dòng)詞,如make, let,have等。如:

  Let him do it.讓他做吧。

  I would have you know that I am ill.我想要你知道我病了。

  (注):

 ?、偕鲜龈杏X動(dòng)詞與使役動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí).其后的不定式一般需帶to,如:

  He was seen to come.

  The boy was made to go to bed early.

 ?、谠趧?dòng)詞find與help之后,不定式可帶to亦可不帶to,如:

  He was surprised to find the sheep (to) break fence at this season.他發(fā)現(xiàn)羊在此季節(jié)越出柵欄,感到驚訝。

  3)在do nothing/anything/everything but(except)結(jié)構(gòu)中。例如:

  Last night I did nothing but watch TV.昨天晚上,我除了看電視別的什么也沒有干。

  但是,如果謂語動(dòng)詞不是“do nothing,anything,everything”,那么but(except)所跟的不定式則仍須帶。

  The doctor told him nothing but to stop smoking.醫(yī)生除了讓他戒煙,其它什么都沒有說。

  There was nothing for them to do but to remain silent.除了保持沉默以外,他們沒有別有別的辦法。

  (4)不定式與動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語和分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)

  1)不定式的邏輯主語為:for +名詞(或代詞賓格)+ 不定式。例如:

  I found it impossible for him to do the job alone.我發(fā)現(xiàn)他—個(gè)人干這活是不可能的。

  (注)在表示人物性格、的特性等的形容詞后面,常用of引出不定式的邏輯主語。例如:

  It was wise of him to do that.他那樣做是明智的。

  2)動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語為;①人稱代詞的所有格+動(dòng)名詞;②名詞’s+動(dòng)名詞。例如:

  Tom insisted on my going with them.他堅(jiān)持要我和他們一起去。

  He dislikes his wife’s working late.他不喜歡他妻子工作得很晚。

  3)某些形容詞,如:careless等不定式后可以加of來引導(dǎo)出其邏輯主語。這類詞主要有:absurd, bold, brave, courageous, careful, careless, clever, wise, foolish, silly, stupid, good, nice, kind thoughtful, considerate, greedy, generous, honest, modest, polite, rude, cruel ,selfish, wicked, wrong等

  It is very kind of you to help me.你幫助我太好了。

  間或也可用for + there to be表示(而且there后面的不定式只能是to be)。

  It’s a great pity for there to be much trouble in the company.太遺憾了公司里有這么多的麻煩。

  7.非謂語動(dòng)詞中的有關(guān)句型

  (1)動(dòng)名詞作主語的句型

  1)Doing...+ v. Reading is an art.閱讀是門藝術(shù)。Seeing is believing.眼見為實(shí)。

  2) It is + no use, no good (fun, a great pleasure, a waste of time, a bore...)等名詞+doing sth.

  It is no use crying.哭沒有用。It is no good objecting.反對也沒有用。

  It is a great fun playing football.打籃球很有趣。

  It is a waste of time trying to explain.設(shè)法解釋是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。

  3)It is + useless (nice, good,interesting, expensive等形容詞)+ doing sth.

  It is useless speaking.光說沒用。

  It is nice seeing you again.真高興又遇到了你。

  It is good Playing chess after supper.晚飯后弈棋挺好。

  It is expensive running this car.開這種小車是浪費(fèi)。

  4)There is no + doing...(there is no 表“不可能”)

  There is no telling what he is going to do.說出他要干什么是不可能的。

  There is no saying what may happen.說出將要發(fā)生什么是不可能的。

  5)There is no use (good/point/sense/harm)+doing sth.做某事沒用(不好/意義/重要性)

  There is no use crying over spilt milk.牛奶灑了,哭也無用。

  6)have difficulty /trouble/problem + (in)+doing

  have作有解時(shí),后接情感名詞(in可省略),再接動(dòng)名詞。這類詞還有trouble, fun, a hard time, a good time.

  例如:We had difficulty (in) carrying out the plan.我們執(zhí)行計(jì)劃有困難。

  7)feel like + 名詞 感覺像動(dòng)名詞 “ 想要” =would like to +原形動(dòng)詞

  I feel like a newborn baby.我感覺像一個(gè)新生的嬰兒。

  Do you feel like going to a movie?你想看電影嗎?

  I don't feel like studying tonight.今晚我不想讀書。

  8) spend/waste time doing sth.

  They spent a lot time (in) making preparations.他們花了許多時(shí)間作準(zhǔn)備。

  9)在require后只能用動(dòng)名詞,不能用不定式,盡管表示被動(dòng)的意思也要用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式。

  This problem requires studying with great care.這個(gè)問題需要仔細(xì)研究。

  10)cannot help doing sth.忍不住(做什么)

  I cannot help laughing, once I see john in that big trouser.

  (2)有關(guān)分詞句型

  1)在表示感覺和心里狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞see,hear,feel,smell,listen(to),notice,observe,smell,watch這類表示感覺的動(dòng)詞之后常跟“賓語+現(xiàn)在分詞”的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),這種動(dòng)詞與分詞之間的賓語可以是普通名詞或?qū)S忻~(人各等),也可以是代詞賓格(him,us等)。例如:

  She smelt something burning and saw smoke rising.她聞到有東西在燃燒并看到有煙升起來了。

  I watched them rehearsing the play.我看他們排演戲。

  I could feel the wind blowing on my face.我能感覺到風(fēng)在我臉上吹過。

  2)表示“致使”等意義的動(dòng)詞,如:catch,find,leave,give,have,get,set后也可跟上述(1)的結(jié)構(gòu),有時(shí)也可跟過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:

  I caught them stealing my apples.我抓住他們偷我的蘋果。

  If she catches me reading her diary,she'll be furious.如果她抓住我偷看她的日記,她會(huì)憤怒的。

  We found him waiting to receive us.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他正等著接待我們。

  3)go +現(xiàn)在分詞表示“從事…”之意,這時(shí)現(xiàn)在分詞做主語補(bǔ)語。go之后所接現(xiàn)在分詞均表示短暫而又愉快的戶外活動(dòng)。如:jogging慢跑,fishing釣魚,dancing跳舞,skating溜冰,bowling打保齡球,shopping 購物,sightseeing游覽,camping露營。

  I’ll go camping tomorrow.我明天去露營。

  I’ll go shopping.我去商店。

  Would you like to go skating with me?你想和我去溜冰嗎?

  4)be busy + v-ing(現(xiàn)在分詞)忙著做…

  I am busy writing my thesis.我正忙著寫論文。

  His assistant is busy(in) correcting papers.他的助教忙于批閱考卷。

  或者be busy with + n.忙著做某事。

  He is busy with his work.他忙著工作。

  5)What do you say to + ing分詞?(……怎么樣?)

  What do you say to joining us for dinner?和我們一起進(jìn)餐,你看怎么樣?

  (3)有關(guān)動(dòng)詞不定式句型

  下面這些詞組是不定式的習(xí)慣用法,只能用不定式形式。

  can not help but do, can not but do, cannot choose but do, can do nothing but do, have no choice/alternative to do

  When I consider how talented he is as a painter, I cannot help but believe that the public will appreciate his gift.

  (4)there be的非謂語形式

  there be非謂語形式可在句中作主語、的賓語、的狀語和定語。(其中作賓語和狀語在1991年和1994年測試過,定語見1996年題10。)

  The students expected there to be more reviewing classes before the final exams.(作賓語如1991年題30)

  1)作動(dòng)詞賓語時(shí),通常用there to be結(jié)構(gòu),而不用there being。能這樣用的及物動(dòng)詞為:expect,like,mean,intend,want,prefer,hate等,如:

  We don't want there to be any comrades lagging behind,我們不希望有任何同志掉隊(duì)。

  They hate there to be long queues everywhere.他們不愿意處處都要排長隊(duì)。

  We have no objection to there being a meeting here.我們并不反對在這里開會(huì)。

  It isn't enough for there to be a frost tonight,so I can leave Jim's car out quite safely.(作狀語)

  2)作狀語多用there being結(jié)構(gòu),但若置于介詞之后,for用there to be整個(gè)介詞短語作程度狀語,其它多半用there being。

  There being nobody else at hand, I had to do by myself.由于附近沒有人,我只得獨(dú)自干了。(原因狀語)

  It’s too early for there to be anybody up.太早了,還不會(huì)有人起床。(作程度狀語)

  There having been no rain for a long time,the ground was very dry.因?yàn)楹瞄L時(shí)間沒下雨了,地面非常干燥。(原因狀語)

  3)作主語時(shí)兩種結(jié)構(gòu)都可以,但如是用for引導(dǎo)則要用there to be。

  It is not uncommon for there to be problems of communication between old and young.老人與年青人之間存在著溝通問題是很常見的。

  There being a kindergarten on campus is a great convenience to female teachers.幼兒園在校園內(nèi)對女教師十分方便。

  4)作定語。 There be結(jié)構(gòu)作定語時(shí),定語從句中謂語為there be,there之前的關(guān)系代詞常常省略。如:

  This is the fastest train (that) there is to Nanking.這是到南京的最快一班車。

  I must make full use of the time there is left to me and do as much as I can for the people.我要充分利用我剩下的歲月盡量為人民多做些事。

  如果同學(xué)們想了解歷年分?jǐn)?shù)線的變化,可參考《歷年十三大考研門類國家線數(shù)據(jù)圖解》你可以知曉歷年分?jǐn)?shù)線,以及變化走向圖

       2018年考研初試已經(jīng)結(jié)束,初試成績各省已在2月3日起陸續(xù)發(fā)布,2018考研復(fù)試分?jǐn)?shù)線已有院校陸續(xù)發(fā)布,34所自主劃線院校將于3月初發(fā)布復(fù)試分?jǐn)?shù)線,國家線將于3月中旬發(fā)布,敬請關(guān)注!

  2018考研:復(fù)試分?jǐn)?shù)線查詢(全)    2019考研全年集訓(xùn)營 我們的目標(biāo)“雙一流”

       小編整理了歷年考研真題及答案解析,關(guān)注微信公眾號:跨考考研,回復(fù)“真題”即可獲得,說不定還能找到一起上自習(xí)的研友哦!

2018考研分?jǐn)?shù)查詢及歷年分?jǐn)?shù)線
分?jǐn)?shù)查詢 各地區(qū)分?jǐn)?shù)查詢通道 查分后的你該如何應(yīng)對這六種情況
全國各院校成績查詢及復(fù)試調(diào)劑注意事項(xiàng)匯總 34所自劃線院校2018考研成績查詢時(shí)間及入口匯總
歷年考研分?jǐn)?shù)線 近8年(2010-2017)年考研國家分?jǐn)?shù)線 34所自命題院校分?jǐn)?shù)線查詢
歷年國家線變化解讀 2018考研各門類國家線匯總

  2022考研初復(fù)試已經(jīng)接近尾聲,考研學(xué)子全面進(jìn)入2023屆備考,跨考為23考研的考生準(zhǔn)備了10大課包全程準(zhǔn)備、全年復(fù)習(xí)備考計(jì)劃、目標(biāo)院校專業(yè)輔導(dǎo)、全真復(fù)試模擬練習(xí)和全程針對性指導(dǎo);2023考研的小伙伴針也已經(jīng)開始擇校和復(fù)習(xí)了,跨考考研暢學(xué)5.0版本全新升級,無論你在校在家都可以更自如的完成你的考研復(fù)習(xí),暑假集訓(xùn)營帶來了院校專業(yè)初步選擇,明確方向;考研備考全年規(guī)劃,核心知識點(diǎn)入門;個(gè)性化制定備考方案,助你贏在起跑線,早出發(fā)一點(diǎn)離成功就更近一點(diǎn)!

點(diǎn)擊右側(cè)咨詢或直接前往了解更多

考研院校專業(yè)選擇和考研復(fù)習(xí)計(jì)劃
2023備考學(xué)習(xí) 2023線上線下隨時(shí)學(xué)習(xí) 34所自劃線院??佳袕?fù)試分?jǐn)?shù)線匯總
2022考研復(fù)試最全信息整理 全國各招生院校考研復(fù)試分?jǐn)?shù)線匯總
2023全日制封閉訓(xùn)練 全國各招生院??佳姓{(diào)劑信息匯總
2023考研先知 考研考試科目有哪些? 如何正確看待考研分?jǐn)?shù)線?
不同院校相同專業(yè)如何選擇更適合自己的 從就業(yè)說考研如何擇專業(yè)?
手把手教你如何選專業(yè)? 高校研究生教育各學(xué)科門類排行榜

跨考考研課程

班型 定向班型 開班時(shí)間 高定班 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)班 課程介紹 咨詢
秋季集訓(xùn) 沖刺班 9.10-12.20 168000 24800起 小班面授+專業(yè)課1對1+專業(yè)課定向輔導(dǎo)+協(xié)議加強(qiáng)課程(高定班)+專屬規(guī)劃答疑(高定班)+精細(xì)化答疑+復(fù)試資源(高定班)+復(fù)試課包(高定班)+復(fù)試指導(dǎo)(高定班)+復(fù)試班主任1v1服務(wù)(高定班)+復(fù)試面授密訓(xùn)(高定班)+復(fù)試1v1(高定班)
2023集訓(xùn)暢學(xué) 非定向(政英班/數(shù)政英班) 每月20日 22800起(協(xié)議班) 13800起 先行階在線課程+基礎(chǔ)階在線課程+強(qiáng)化階在線課程+真題階在線課程+沖刺階在線課程+專業(yè)課針對性一對一課程+班主任全程督學(xué)服務(wù)+全程規(guī)劃體系+全程測試體系+全程精細(xì)化答疑+擇校擇專業(yè)能力定位體系+全年關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)指導(dǎo)體系+初試加強(qiáng)課+初試專屬服務(wù)+復(fù)試全科標(biāo)準(zhǔn)班服務(wù)

①凡本網(wǎng)注明“稿件來源:跨考網(wǎng)”的所有文字、圖片和音視頻稿件,版權(quán)均屬北京尚學(xué)碩博教育咨詢有限公司(含本網(wǎng)和跨考網(wǎng))所有,任何媒體、網(wǎng)站或個(gè)人未經(jīng)本網(wǎng)協(xié)議授權(quán)不得轉(zhuǎn)載、鏈接、轉(zhuǎn)帖或以其他任何方式復(fù)制、發(fā)表。已經(jīng)本網(wǎng)協(xié)議授權(quán)的媒體、網(wǎng)站,在下載使用時(shí)必須注明“稿件來源,跨考網(wǎng)”,違者本網(wǎng)將依法追究法律責(zé)任。

②本網(wǎng)未注明“稿件來源:跨考網(wǎng)”的文/圖等稿件均為轉(zhuǎn)載稿,本網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)載僅基于傳遞更多信息之目的,并不意味著再通轉(zhuǎn)載稿的觀點(diǎn)或證實(shí)其內(nèi)容的真實(shí)性。如其他媒體、網(wǎng)站或個(gè)人從本網(wǎng)下載使用,必須保留本網(wǎng)注明的“稿件來源”,并自負(fù)版權(quán)等法律責(zé)任。如擅自篡改為“稿件來源:跨考網(wǎng)”,本網(wǎng)將依法追究法律責(zé)任。

③如本網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)載稿涉及版權(quán)等問題,請作者見稿后在兩周內(nèi)速來電與跨考網(wǎng)聯(lián)系,電話:400-883-2220