2014考研英語之閱讀理解：詞義及概念性含義_跨考網(wǎng)

　　三、猜測詞義及概念性含義的提問方式

　　這種題型就是理解文章中某一個詞、詞組或短語的含義，而理解這些詞的含義主要是通過上下文的各種關(guān)系。包括詞與詞、短語與短語以及句子之間的關(guān)系等。

　　(一)掌握命題方式

　　常見的命題方式有：

　?、賂he?phrase?“...”(in?line...)?most?probably?means?.

　　②As?used?in?the?passage,?the?phrase?“...”?suggests?.

　?、踂hat?does?the?author?probably?mean?by?“...”?in...?Paragraph?

　?、蹷y?“...”,?the?writer?means?.

　　(二)根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法和上下文推斷詞義

　　在任何閱讀理解材料中，我們都不可避免地遇到不熟悉的詞或詞組，或者認識的單詞在文中有了新的意義。當然我們可以查字典找出它們的意思，但是這樣我們的閱讀速度會大大減慢，并且在考試中是不允許考生查字典的。如果這些詞或短語不影響對文章主要內(nèi)容的理解，我們便可以將它們略過，繼續(xù)閱讀。如果了解這些詞語的意思對準確理解文章很重要，這時我們就必須對這些生詞的詞義進行猜測，使之不影響對整篇文章的理解。因此，熟練地掌握判斷詞義這種技巧是非常有益的。需要注意的是，一個單詞通常有好幾個意思，我們要了解的是這些詞在文中所表達的意思，因此，不可脫離上、下文，只根據(jù)自己了解的詞義來確定其意義。

　　例：1994年第2篇閱讀理解考研題

　　One?hundred?and?thirteen?million?Americans?have?at?least?one?bank-issued?credit?card.?They?give?their?owners?automatic?credit?on?stores,?restaurants,?and?hotels,?at?home,?across?the?country,?and?even?abroad,?and?they?make?many?banking?services?available?as?well.?More?and?more?of?these?credit?cards?can?be?read?automatically,?making?it?possible?to?withdraw?or?deposit?money?in?scattered?locations,?whether?or?not?the?local?branch?bank?is?open.?For?many?of?us?the?“cashless?society”?is?not?on?the?horizon-its?already?here.

　　While?computers?offer?these?conveniences?to?consumers,?they?have?many?advantages?for?sellers?too.?Electronic?cash?registers?can?do?much?more?than?simply?ring?up?sales.?They?can?keep?a?wide?range?of?records,?including?who?sold?what,?when,?and?to?whom.

　　This?information?allows?businessmen?to?keep?track?of?their?list?of?goods?by?showing,?which?items?are?being?sold?and?how?fast?they?are?moving.?Decisions?to?reorder?or?return?goods?to?suppliers?can?then?be?made.?At?the?same?time?these?computers?record?which?hours?are?busiest?and?which?employees?are?the?most?efficient,?allowing?personnel?and?staffing?assignments?to?be?made?accordingly.?And?they?also?identify?preferred?customers?for?promotional?campaigns.

　　Manufacturers?for?similar?reasons?rely?on?computers.?Computer?analyzed?marketing?reports?can?help?to?decide?which?products?to?emphasize?now,?which?to?develop?for?the?future,?and?which?to?drop.?Computers?keep?track?of?goods?in?stock,?of?raw?materials?on?hand,?and?even?of?the?production?process?itself.

　　Numerous?other?commercial?enterprises,?from?theaters?to?magazine?publishers,?from?gas?and?electric?utilities?to?milk?processors,?bring?better?and?more?efficient?services?to?consumers?through?the?use?of?computer.

　　55According?to?the?passage,?the?credit?card?enables?its?owner?to?.

　　A.?withdraw?as?much?money?from?the?bank?as?he?wishes

　　B.?obtain?more?convenient?services?than?other?people?do

　　C.?enjoy?greater?trust?from?the?storekeeper

　　D.?cash?money?wherever?he?wishes?to

　　56From?the?last?sentence?of?the?first?paragraph?we?learn?that?.

　　A.?in?the?future?all?the?Americans?will?use?credit?cards

　　B.?credit?cards?are?mainly?used?in?the?United?States?today

　　C.?nowadays?many?Americans?do?not?pay?in?cash

　　D.?it?is?now?more?convenient?to?use?credit?cards?than?before

　　57The?phrase“ring?up?sales”(Line?2,?Para.2)?most?probably?means“”.

　　A.?make?an?order?of?goods

　　B.?record?sales?on?a?cash?register

　　C.?call?the?sales?manager

　　D.?keep?track?of?the?goods?in?stock

　　58What?is?this?passage?mainly?about?

　　A.?Approaches?to?the?commercial?use?of?computers.

　　B.?Conveniences?brought?about?by?computers?in?business.

　　C.?Significance?of?automation?in?commercial?enterprises.

　　D.?Advantages?of?credit?cards?in?business.