2014考研英語：閱讀素材分享（一）_跨考網(wǎng)

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If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses.

　　Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses' convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself. “Who is that?” the new arrival asked St. Peter. “Oh, that's God,” came the reply, “but sometimes he thinks he's a doctor.”

　　If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it'll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman's notorious bad taste in ties. With other audiences you mustn't attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks about their canteen or their chairman. You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system.

　　If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural, include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. Often it's the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark.

　　Look for the humor. It often comes from the unexpected. A twist on a familiar quote “If at first you don't succeed, give up” or a play on words or on a situation. Search for exaggeration and understatements. Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor.

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　　如果你想在談話中用幽默來使人發(fā)笑，你就必須知道如何識(shí)別共同的經(jīng)歷和問題。你的幽默必須和聽眾有關(guān)，應(yīng)該幫助你向他們顯示你是他們當(dāng)中的一員，你了解他們的情況，同情他們的觀點(diǎn)。根據(jù)你談話對(duì)象的不同，問題也有所不同。如果你在和一群經(jīng)理談話，你就可以提及他們秘書的混亂的方法;或者，如果你說話的對(duì)象是一群秘書，你就可以評(píng)價(jià)一下她們沒有條理的老板。

　　這里就有一個(gè)這樣的例子，是我在一個(gè)護(hù)士大會(huì)上聽到的。這個(gè)故事效果很好，因?yàn)樗械穆牨姸紝?duì)醫(yī)生有同樣的看法。說，有一個(gè)人到了天堂，正被圣?彼得帶著四處參觀。他看到了令人驚奇的住所、美麗的花園、晴朗的天氣等等。每一個(gè)人都很平和、禮貌和友善，直到排隊(duì)吃午飯的時(shí)候，這位新來的人突然被一位身穿白大褂的人推到一旁，只見該人徑直擠到了隊(duì)伍的前頭，抓起食物，大搖大擺走到一張餐桌旁?！斑@是誰啊?”新來的人問圣?彼得?！芭叮鞘巧系?，”他回答說，“他有時(shí)自以為是名醫(yī)生?！?/p>

　　如果你是你談話對(duì)象的一部分，你就會(huì)了解大伙共同的經(jīng)歷和問題，你就可對(duì)餐廳難以下咽的食物或者總裁在領(lǐng)帶方面差勁的品味評(píng)頭論足。而對(duì)于其他類型的聽眾，你就不能試圖插嘴地講這種幽默，因?yàn)樗麄円苍S不喜歡外人詆毀他們的餐廳或總裁。如果你咬住郵局或電話局這樣的替罪羊，那你就處于更加安全的境地。

　　如果你在幽默時(shí)覺得很尷尬，你就必須進(jìn)行練習(xí)使它變得更自然。加入一些很隨便的、顯然是即興的話的同時(shí)你就可以用輕松的、不做作的方式把它們說出來了。常常是表達(dá)的方式使聽眾發(fā)笑，因此要說慢一些，并且記住要抬抬眉毛或者做出一種不相信的表情，這些都會(huì)有助于顯示你正在說笑話。

　　尋找幽默，它常常來的出其不意。惡搞一下名言“你要是一開始不成功，不如放棄”，或者是玩文字游戲和戲謔某個(gè)場景。尋找夸張用語和打折扣的話。看看你的談話，挑幾個(gè)能夠倒過來說的詞匯和句子，再注入一些幽默。

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