2012考研英語(yǔ)閱讀真題：考研英語(yǔ)（二）第2篇

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　　英語(yǔ)閱讀是考研英語(yǔ)必考的一部分內(nèi)容也是分值占比較高的一部分知識(shí)點(diǎn)。2018考研同學(xué)復(fù)習(xí)的重點(diǎn)，距離18年考研時(shí)間僅剩兩個(gè)多月的時(shí)間，各科的復(fù)習(xí)都緊張進(jìn)行著。跨考網(wǎng)考研小編為大家整理了2012考研英語(yǔ)閱讀真題：考研英語(yǔ)（二）第2篇，希望同學(xué)們能夠?qū)τ⒄Z(yǔ)閱讀真題進(jìn)行研究，對(duì)真題的出題方向、考察方式有進(jìn)一步的掌握，爭(zhēng)取取得好成績(jī)。
　　Pretty in pink: adult women do not remember being so obsessed with the color, yet it is pervasive in our young girls' lives. It is not that pink is intrinsically bad, but it is such a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fuses girls' identity to appearance. Then it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence. Looking around, I despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls' lives and interests。

　　Girls' attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it is not. Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century: in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. What's more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses. When nursery colours were introduced, pink was actually considered the more masculine colour, a pastel version of red, which was associated with strength. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolized femininity. It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant children's marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when it began to seem inherently attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years。

　　I had not realized how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kids, including our core beliefs about their psychological development. Take the toddler. I assumed that phase was something experts developed after years of research into children's behavior: wrong. Turns out, according to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it was popularized as a marketing trick by clothing manufacturers in the 1930s。

　　Trade publications counseled department stores that, in order to increase sales, they should create a "third stepping stone" between infant wear and older kids' clothes. It was only after "toddler" became a common shoppers' term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage. Splitting kids, or adults, into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences – or invent them where they did not previously exist。

　　穿粉紅色好看：成年女性記不起對(duì)于顏色的困惑了，然而，年輕女孩普遍有這個(gè)問(wèn)題。不是粉紅本來(lái)不好，但是它是彩虹的一小份而已。雖然從某個(gè)程度上來(lái)說(shuō)有助于烘托女孩，但它也會(huì)不斷融化女孩們的特征。那么它不但能在天真的女孩之間而且還能在天真的證據(jù)事實(shí)前提供那種連接，甚至兩歲的孩子。四周看看，我絕望的看到對(duì)于女孩生活和興趣格外缺乏想象力。

　　女孩喜歡粉色似乎不可避免，似乎DNA編碼就是這樣，但根據(jù)Jo Paoletti，美國(guó)馬里蘭大學(xué)美國(guó)研究副教授的說(shuō)法，情況不是這樣的。20世紀(jì)初期前的孩子們?cè)瓉?lái)根本不分顏色:在家用洗衣機(jī)問(wèn)世之前的時(shí)代里,所有的嬰兒都穿白色,因?yàn)橐屢路蓛舻奈ㄒ环椒ㄊ侵蠓幸路? 還有, 那時(shí)的男孩女孩都穿中性的衣服。當(dāng)托兒所色彩引入后，粉紅色當(dāng)時(shí)被認(rèn)為是更有男性特征的顏色，紅色的清淡版和力量相關(guān)。藍(lán)色象征著女性，代表圣母瑪利亞，堅(jiān)貞與忠誠(chéng)。到了80年代中期，年齡增大和兩性差別成為幼兒用品市場(chǎng)的主要銷(xiāo)售戰(zhàn)略時(shí)，粉色變得很受女孩們的喜歡，成為定義女性特征的一部分，至少在起初的那幾個(gè)關(guān)鍵年份女孩們都這樣。

　　我原來(lái)沒(méi)有意識(shí)到市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷(xiāo)趨勢(shì)對(duì)我們觀念的巨大影響，比如什么是孩子的天性，包括他們的心理發(fā)展這種核心信念。帶上你的小孩兒。我認(rèn)為這個(gè)短語(yǔ)至少是博士級(jí)別的專(zhuān)家對(duì)幼兒行為幾年的研究才發(fā)明的語(yǔ)言：錯(cuò)啦。根據(jù)幼兒消費(fèi)歷史學(xué)家Daniel Cook的說(shuō)法，這個(gè)短語(yǔ)是三十年代流行起來(lái)的，是制衣商進(jìn)行市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷(xiāo)的花招。

　　貿(mào)易出版物給百貨大樓提議，要增加銷(xiāo)售，應(yīng)該在嬰兒服裝和兒童服裝之間創(chuàng)造"第三過(guò)渡階段"服裝，這個(gè)詞成為"蹣跚學(xué)步者"之后的常見(jiàn)銷(xiāo)售術(shù)語(yǔ)，后來(lái)演變?yōu)槿藗儚V泛接受的孩子發(fā)展階段。把孩子，或者成年人分類(lèi)成更小的種類(lèi)已經(jīng)證實(shí)是條必定成功的方法來(lái)擴(kuò)大利潤(rùn)。對(duì)市場(chǎng)進(jìn)行細(xì)分的最簡(jiǎn)單的方法就是擴(kuò)大性別差異---或者創(chuàng)造出一些原來(lái)就沒(méi)有的差異。

　　重點(diǎn)單詞

　　singular['si?gjul?]adj. 個(gè)人的，單數(shù)的，獨(dú)一的，唯一的，非凡的

　　assumed[?'sju:md]adj. 假裝的;假定的

　　obsessed[?b'sest]adj. 著迷的

　　unavoidable[.?n?'v?id?bl]adj. 不可避免的

　　segment['segm?nt]n. 部份，瓣，弓形

　　perception[p?'sep??n]n. 感知，認(rèn)識(shí)，觀念

　　boost[bu:st]vt. 推進(jìn)，提高，增加

　　n. 推進(jìn)，增加

　　inherentlyadv. 固有地;天性地;內(nèi)在地

　　innocent['in?snt]adj. 清白的，無(wú)辜的，無(wú)害的，天真純潔的，無(wú)知的

　　slice[slais]n. 薄片，切片

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