2018考研英語：閱讀真題難點精析（2004年Text4）

　　36. What do American parents expect their children to acquire in school?

　　[A] The habit of thinking independently.

　　[B] Profound knowledge of the world.

　　[C] Practical abilities for future career.

　　[D] The confidence in intellectual pursuits.

　　定位句：Even our schools are where we send our children to get a practical education —not to pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge.甚至我們的學(xué)校也是送孩子去獲得實際教育的地方，而不是為了知識去追求知識。所以題干問：美國的家長期待孩子在學(xué)校獲得什么?答案應(yīng)該是[C] Practical abilities for future career.未來職業(yè)發(fā)展的實際能力。

　　37. We can learn from the text that Americans have a history of ________.

　　[A] undervaluing intellect

　　[B] favoring intellectualism

　　[C] supporting school reform

　　[D] suppressing native intelligence

　　定位句：From the beginning of our history, says Hofstadter, our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism.有史以來，我們倡導(dǎo)的民主和平民主義驅(qū)使我們反對任何帶有精英主義意為的東西。這句話談到了歷史上的美國就是反對精英文化的，所以答案應(yīng)該選擇[A]undervaluing intellect貶低知識。

　　38. The views of Ravitch and Emerson on schooling are ________.

　　[A] identical [B] similar [C] complementary [D] opposite

　　定位句：“Intellect is resented as a form of power or privilege,” writes historian and professor Richard Hofstadter. Ralph Waldo Emerson thought schooling and rigorous book learning put unnatural restraints on children. 有定位句可以看出，Ravitch認(rèn)為：才智在美國是被看做一種特權(quán)而被憎恨的。Emerson認(rèn)為：學(xué)校教育和書本學(xué)習(xí)束縛了孩子們的天性。所以兩者對待知識和教育的想法是相反的，答案選擇[D]opposite。由此也可以得出39題的答案，艾默生是反對學(xué)校教育和知識學(xué)習(xí)的。所以選擇[B]an opponent of intellectualism他是才智主義的反對者。

　　40. What does the author think of intellect?

　　[A] It is second to intelligence.

　　[B] It evolves from common sense.

　　[C] It is to be pursued.

　　[D] It underlies power.

　　最后考查作者對才智主義的態(tài)度，從文章主題來看，美國人反對才智主義這種做法是錯誤的，作者對此是持批判態(tài)度的，所以作者認(rèn)為[C] It is to be pursued.才智是應(yīng)該被追求的。