考研英語：歷年真題閱讀要點(diǎn)之1995-Text 5（一）

　　That experiences influence subsequent behaviour is evidence of an obvious but nevertheless remarkable activity called remembering. Learning could not occur without the function popularly named memory. Constant practice has such an effect on memory as to lead to skillful performance on the piano, to recitation of a poem, and even to reading and understanding these words.

　　That experiences influence subsequent behaviour為主語從句，充當(dāng)整個(gè)句子的主語;subsequent“后來的，隨后的”;obvious“明顯的”，也可以用apparent，it is obvious/ apparent that...“明顯的是...”，其中it充當(dāng)形式主語，that引導(dǎo)主語從句，這個(gè)句型可以應(yīng)用于寫作;nevertheless“然而”，but nevertheless也表示“但是，然而”;remarkable“非凡的，值得注意的”;without“如果沒有”，引導(dǎo)虛擬條件句，與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反;在考研中，某些同學(xué)總是十分重視虛擬，其實(shí)沒必要，不用深入分析與過去事實(shí)、現(xiàn)在事實(shí)還是將來事實(shí)相反，只要時(shí)態(tài)突然發(fā)生了變化，不符合常規(guī)，基本上就是虛擬，能看懂就可以，不用過于關(guān)注;constant practice“不斷的練習(xí)”;have an effect on“對(duì)...有影響”，也可以用exert an influence on;such as to do“到如此程度以致”;lead to“導(dǎo)致，引起”;skillful“熟練的”;performance“表演”;lead to..., to..., and even to...并列。

　　So-called intelligent behaviour demands memory, remembering being a primary requirement for reasoning. The ability to solve any problem or even to recognize that a problem exists depends on memory. Typically, the decision to cross a street is based on remembering many earlier experiences.

　　intelligent behaviour“智力行為”;逗號(hào)后為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu);a primary requirement“首要條件”;reasoning可以充當(dāng)名詞，表示“推理”;to solve... or even to recognize...不定式充當(dāng)后置定語，修飾限定the ability;solve a problem“解決問題”，也可以用settle a matter;depend on“取決于”，相當(dāng)于rely on;第二句的主干結(jié)構(gòu)The ability depends on memory;be based on“依據(jù)，以...為基礎(chǔ)”，主動(dòng)形式base...on...。