2020考研英語(yǔ)閱讀策略：段落排序題解題方法

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　　時(shí)間飛逝，已經(jīng)進(jìn)入暑期尾聲，考研路程漫長(zhǎng)，同學(xué)們要繼續(xù)保持學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)力。俗話說(shuō)得英語(yǔ)者得考研，得閱讀者，得英語(yǔ)。針對(duì)如此重要的模塊，閱讀題部分必須拿下。如果這部分答的不理想，你很有可能過(guò)不了線。所以，下面小編整理了2020考研閱讀解題方法：段落排序題篇，讓我們一起看看吧!

　　【解題步驟】

　　1.閱讀已經(jīng)固定的段落

　　如果固定段落是首末段，那么通過(guò)閱讀首末段就可以得知整個(gè)文章的主旨大意，還要注意將已經(jīng)確定的兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)從卷子上劃去，防止引起不必要的混亂;如果是首段+中間段，那也可以知道大意和文章部分內(nèi)容信息。

　　但是，如果首段沒(méi)有要先選出首段。 2.如何選首段 首段的特點(diǎn)： 1)首句不含有代詞，不含有總結(jié)性、過(guò)渡性詞(轉(zhuǎn)折、因果、順延等) 2)一般不含有最高級(jí)、第一或最后意思的詞語(yǔ)，因?yàn)槭锥螞](méi)有比較的對(duì)象。 3.閱讀選項(xiàng)，尤其是首尾句。給段落作初步的位置預(yù)知和組塊 考生做不到一次性排出來(lái)，能排出來(lái)的就排，一時(shí)定不了的，做如下工作： 1)位置預(yù)知：含so, conclude等表示結(jié)束的詞，可能作為尾段。但是也要警惕未必，總之還是要綜合看。

　　2)組塊：

　　有些段一看就覺(jué)得應(yīng)該一個(gè)前一個(gè)后，比如A段末提到... there are two branches.F段末提到了，the first one is...。那么A和F就屬于明顯的總分關(guān)系，應(yīng)該前后連貫。

　　例如2010年的E段末出現(xiàn)了

　　[E]... at the same sluggish pace as the retail market, but the figures, when added together, mask two opposing trends.而A段開(kāi)頭則是

　　[A] The first and more important is the consumer's growing preference for eating out: consumption of food and drink in places other than homes has risen from about...

　　所以明顯的順序是E >A。

　　3)精確排列各個(gè)段落的順序，利用其它關(guān)聯(lián)詞進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證。

　　【例題】2014年

　　Directions:

　　The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs A and E have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

　　[A] Some archaeological sites have always been easily observable - for example, the Parthenon in Athens, Greece; the pyramids of Giza in Egypt; and the megaliths of Stonehenge in southern England. But these sites are exceptions to the norm. Most archaeological sites have been located by means of careful searching, while many others have been discovered by accident. Olduvai Gorge, an early hominid site in Tanzania, was found by a butterfly hunter who literally fell into its deep valley in 1911. Thousands of Aztec artifacts came to light during the digging of the Mexico City subway in the 1970s.

　　[B] In another case, American archaeologists René Million and George Cowgill spent years systematically mapping the entire city of Teotihuacán in the Valley of Mexico near what is now Mexico City. At its peak around AD 600, this city was one of the largest human settlements in the world. The researchers mapped not only the city's vast and ornate ceremonial areas, but also hundreds of simpler apartment complexes where common people lived.

　　[C] How do archaeologists know where to find what they are looking for when there is nothing visible on the surface of the ground? Typically, they survey and sample (make test excavations on) large areas of terrain to determine where excavation will yield useful information. Surveys and test samples have also become important for understanding the larger landscapes that contain archaeological sites.

　　[D] Surveys can cover a single large settlement or entire landscapes. In one case, many researchers working around the ancient Maya city of Copán, Honduras, have located hundreds of small rural villages and individual dwellings by using aerial photographs and by making surveys on foot. The resulting settlement maps show how the distribution and density of the rural population around the city changed dramatically between AD 500 and 850, when Copán collapsed.

　　[E] To find their sites, archaeologists today rely heavily on systematic survey methods and a variety of high-technology tools and techniques. Airborne technologies, such as different types of radar and photographic equipment carried by airplanes or spacecraft, allow archaeologists to learn about what lies beneath the ground without digging. Aerial surveys locate general areas of interest or larger buried features, such as ancient buildings or fields.

　　[F] Most archaeological sites, however, are discovered by archaeologists who have set out to look for them. Such searches can take years. British archaeologist Howard Carter knew that the tomb of the Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamun existed from information found in other sites. Carter sifted through rubble in the Valley of the Kings for seven years before he located the tomb in 1922. In the late 1800s British archaeologist Sir Arthur Evans combed antique dealers' stores in Athens, Greece. He was searching for tiny engraved seals attributed to the ancient Mycenaean culture that dominated Greece from the 1400s to 1200s BC. Evans's interpretations of these engravings eventually led him to find the Minoan palace at Knossos (Knosós), on the island of Crete, in 1900.

　　[G] Ground surveys allow archaeologists to pinpoint the places where digs will be successful. Most ground surveys involve a lot of walking, looking for surface clues such as small fragments of pottery. They often include a certain amount of digging to test for buried materials at selected points across a landscape. Archaeologists also may locate buried remains by using such technologies as ground radar, magnetic-field recording, and metal detectors. Archaeologists commonly use computers to map sites and the landscapes around sites. Two- and three-dimensional maps are helpful tools in planning excavations, illustrating how sites look, and presenting the results of archaeological research.

　　41. → A → 42. → E → 43. → 44. → 45.

　　【解題步驟應(yīng)用】

　　1.精讀首段：

　　本題沒(méi)有給出首段，需要考生先判斷。具體方法要根據(jù)下步每段開(kāi)頭的關(guān)鍵詞而定。

　　2.通讀段首尾，模塊組合+位置預(yù)知。

　　根據(jù)上述的八大方法，找出各個(gè)段落段首/尾的關(guān)聯(lián)詞，具體分布為：

　　[A] Some archaeological sites

　　[B] In another case(明顯代詞+名詞)

　　[C] How.....?

　　[D] ... in one case

　　[E] ...find their sites....

　　[F] most archaeological sites, however

　　根據(jù)如上的關(guān)鍵詞，考生首先能判斷出來(lái)的是D和B的關(guān)系，根據(jù)代詞應(yīng)該是D>B。根據(jù)題干的矩陣41. → A → 42. → E → 43. → 44. → 45.

　　D>B肯定不能讓在41或者42，肯定是43，44,45中的兩個(gè)。因此首段的可能性只能是C和G中的一個(gè)。而C句首又是明顯的用特殊疑問(wèn)句提出問(wèn)題，符合首段的特點(diǎn)。

　　D和B的特點(diǎn)是one和another的代詞關(guān)系發(fā)生連貫。類(lèi)似的連貫詞還有one-the other,其復(fù)數(shù)形式是some - others，同樣some和others會(huì)有些類(lèi)似的同義詞替換。根據(jù)這個(gè)原理，A和F也是前后關(guān)聯(lián)A>F。因此42選F。

　　最后三個(gè)空。E的開(kāi)頭提到了on systematic survey，各種研究調(diào)查。E的段落也提到了Aerial surveys(航空研究，空中研究)而G的開(kāi)頭則提到了ground survey(地面研究)，正好是總分關(guān)系，所以順序?yàn)镋>G。因?yàn)?3-45是GDB。所以答案為CFGDB。

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