考研英語新題型：給一個“在一起”的理由（指示代詞篇）

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　　考研英語新題型是一個兼具“浪漫主義”和“傳奇色彩”的優(yōu)秀題型。為什么這么說呢?首先，我們之所以說Ta具有浪漫主義色彩是因為新題型的本質是：“給一個在一起的理由”。絕對浪漫!因為世界上最浪漫的情話不是我愛你而是在一起，不是嘛?其次，我們來解釋新題型的傳奇色彩。新題型是一個“投入—產出率”極高的題型，可以說Ta擊敗了其他所有題型，成為考研英語試卷當中得分率第一高的優(yōu)秀題型。經過適當的培訓，大家的新題型沖擊6分、8分、甚至10分不再是遙不可及的了。

　　說到做題方法、解題技巧我們還必須重新審視新題型的本質——“在一起”。對于新題型來說，“在一起”主要體現為：代詞指代、關鍵詞復現、邏輯關系和排比結構等。今天，興歡老師首先跟大家分享一下代詞指代在新題型當中的重要應用。代詞指代作為最重要的解題方法之一，易于操作、效果不錯，正確率極高，一般不會讓你失望的哦。

　　說到代詞指代，我們還需要再復習一下代詞的分類。代詞主要分為指示代詞和人稱代詞，先來看看指示代詞。對于新題型解題重要的指示代詞主要有：this/that/these/those/such。需要特別說明的是這幾位指示代詞“單打獨斗”時不那么重要，而是這幾位指示代詞后面跟上名詞的時候才顯得格外重要。這是為什么呢?這五位指示代詞“單打獨斗”時，所指太過于寬泛，可以指代前文所出現的單詞、短語甚至句子，甚是不好把握。然而，這五位指示代詞后面加上名詞就變的大不一樣了，問題會變得簡單多了。因為指示代詞加名詞往往表明前文有這個名詞。說完了哪些指示代詞重要性，我們再接著討論討論一下哪里的指示代詞更為重要，即代詞的位置問題。對于我們新題型而言，文中空后的第一句話以及選項中的第一句話如果有代詞出沒，就顯得尤為重要。原因很簡單，我們想透過這兩個位置的代詞來推斷空白處應該填什么。試想，如果在選項的最后一句話出現了代詞，Ta所指代的人或物很有可能在本選項倒數第二句就出現了，不能幫我們很好地去推斷空白處到底應該選什么。

　　說完了理論，我們先來看一道真題(以2008年第44題為例)，現場操練一把。

　　If you are working on a word processor, you can take advantage of its capacity to make additions and deletions as well as move entire paragraphs by making just a few simple keyboard commands. Some software programs can also check spelling and certain grammatical elements in your writing. (44) 是大家網原創(chuàng)出品 These printouts are also easier to read than the screen when you work on revisions.

　　[A] To make revising easier, leave wide margins and extra space between lines so that you can easily add words, sentences, and corrections. Write on only one side of the paper.

　　[B] After you have clearly and adequately developed the body of your paper, pay particular attention to the introductory and concluding paragraphs. It’s probably best to write the introduction last, after you know precisely what you are introducing. Concluding paragraphs demand equal attention because they leave the reader with a final impression.

　　[C] It’s worth remembering, however, that though a clean copy fresh off a printer may look terrific, it will read only as well as the thinking and writing that have gone into it. Many writers prudently store their data on disks and print their pages each time they finish a draft to avoid losing any material because of power failures or other problems.

　　[D] It makes no difference how you write, just so you do. Now that you have developed a topic into a tentative thesis, you can assemble your notes and begin to flesh out whatever outline you have made.

　　[E] Although this is an interesting issue, it has nothing to do with the thesis, which explains how the setting influences Sammy’s decision to quit his job. Instead of including that paragraph, she added one that described Lengel’s crabbed response to the girls so that she could lead up to the A & P “policy” he enforces.

　　[F] In the final paragraph about the significance of the setting in “A & P,” the student brings together the reasons Sammy quit his job by referring to his refusal to accept Lengel’s store policies.

　　[G] By using the first draft as a means of thinking about what you want to say, you will very likely discover more than your notes originally suggested. Plenty of good writers don’t use outlines at all but discover ordering principles as they write. Do not attempt to compose a perfectly correct draft the first time around.

　　如題，大家注意到了44題空后出現了代詞指代加名詞即these printouts，說明前文也就是空白處必須出現了這個名詞printouts或者其同義替換詞。快速搜索一下，不難發(fā)現有且只有C選項里面出現了printer和print這樣的字眼，我們可以看成是printouts的近親、鄰居。換句話來說就是these printouts的所指。所以很easy,我們連翻譯都不用翻譯，只要找準了“指示代詞+名詞”當中的名詞就輕輕松松就搞定了2分。退一萬步講，如果其他四道題無從下手，我們蒙除C以外的一樣的答案也很有可能沖擊4分了。所以大家應該對新題型這一優(yōu)秀題型充滿信心。一路高歌，繼續(xù)Fighting吧!

　　(跨考教育英語教研室 劉興歡)

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