考研英語翻譯練習(xí)題：印刷術(shù)

　　Before printing was invented，a scholar had to copycharacters one by one if he wanted to publish a newbook.During the Northern Song Dynasty, Bi Shenginvented the movable-type printing after many yearsof experimentation.He engraved the characters onsmall pieces of clay,and heated them until they became hard movable characters.When printinga book，people placed the moveable characters in order into a whole block and then ran off aprint.After printing, they took the block apart and reused the characters later.This method wasboth economical and time-saving.China's movable-type printing first spread eastward intoKorea and Japan,then westward into Persia and Egypt,and at last,around the world.Theinvention of movable-type printing greatly promoted the cultural exchanges among countriesall over the world.

　　參考翻譯

　　印刷術(shù)發(fā)明之前，想出版新書的學(xué)者必須一字一字地抄寫。北宋時期，經(jīng)過多年的實驗，畢昇發(fā)明了活字印刷術(shù)(movable-type printing)。他把漢字刻在一小塊泥胚(pieces of clay)上，加熱漢字直到其變成硬的活字。印書時,人們按順序?qū)⒒钭謹(jǐn)[在一起，印出印跡。印刷完后，他們把字分開，以后重復(fù)使用。這種方法既經(jīng)濟(jì)又省時。中國的活字印刷術(shù)首先向東傳至朝鮮和日本，之后向西傳至波斯(Persia)和埃及，最后傳遍全球。活字印刷術(shù)的發(fā)明大大促進(jìn)了世界各國的文化交流。

　　1.印刷術(shù):可譯為printing。

　　2.出版新書:可譯為publish a new book。

　　3.刻:即“雕刻”，可譯為engrave。

　　4.泥胚:可譯為pieces of clay。clay意為“黏土，陶土”。

　　5.按順序:可譯為in order。

　　6.向東傳至朝鮮和日本:可譯為spread eastward intoKorea and Japan。