2020考研英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧之：【語(yǔ)法減詞】

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　　翻譯題型應(yīng)該是整個(gè)復(fù)習(xí)過(guò)程中的一大難點(diǎn)。很多同學(xué)在做題中除了覺(jué)得自己的詞匯和語(yǔ)法基礎(chǔ)不夠好之外，同時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的翻譯技巧和翻譯修養(yǎng)也同樣不到位，不知道到該如何下手，一直刷題沒(méi)有重點(diǎn)也很難取得良好的效果。下面為大家分享考研英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧之語(yǔ)法減詞，希望大家能夠?qū)W以致用。

　　翻譯時(shí)常常有必要在譯文的詞量上作適當(dāng)?shù)脑黾樱棺g文既能忠實(shí)地傳達(dá)原文的內(nèi)容和風(fēng)格，又能符合譯入語(yǔ)的表達(dá)習(xí)慣。但是增詞必須是根據(jù)具體情況增加非增加不可的詞語(yǔ)。增詞一般用于以下三種情況：一是為了語(yǔ)法上的需要;二是為了意義上的需要;三是為了修辭上的需要。

　　一、從語(yǔ)法角度進(jìn)行減省

　　英漢兩種語(yǔ)言在語(yǔ)法上差異較大，例如：英語(yǔ)有冠詞，而漢語(yǔ)卻沒(méi)有;英語(yǔ)重形合、連接詞較多，漢語(yǔ)重意合、連接詞較少;英語(yǔ)中介詞豐富，多達(dá)280多個(gè)，漢語(yǔ)中介詞則較少，只有30來(lái)個(gè);英語(yǔ)中經(jīng)常使用代詞，尤其是經(jīng)常使用人稱代詞、關(guān)系代詞等，而漢語(yǔ)中代詞則用得較少;因此，英譯漢時(shí)可根據(jù)具體情況將冠詞、連接詞、介詞、代詞略去，使譯文練達(dá)曉暢。例如：

　　(1) I know my friends from the feel of their faces.

　　我靠觸摸臉龐來(lái)辨認(rèn)朋友。

　　(2) Ice is a solid. If we heat it， it melts and becomes water.

　　冰是固體，如果加熱，就融化成水。

　　(3) John got up very early in the morning. He put on his jacket， sat down at his desk and began to do his homework.

　　約翰早晨起床很早，他穿上夾克，就坐在桌旁開(kāi)始做家庭作業(yè)。

　　(4) But at the present moment the whole road looked rather pretty， for the sun had just set in splendor，and the equalities of rent were drowned in a saffron afterglow.

　　但此時(shí)整條路看起來(lái)都挺美，金燦燦的太陽(yáng)剛落下山，橙紅色的余輝掩蓋了房屋的種種差異。

　　(5) He had a shelf there， where he kept his Bohemian papers and his pipes and tobacco， and his shears and needles and thread and tailor's thimble.

　　他放在那兒有一個(gè)架子，擺著他的波希米亞報(bào)紙、煙斗、煙葉，還有大剪刀、針、線，以及裁縫用的頂針。

　　(6) Most of the people who appear most often and most gloriously in the history books are great conquerors and generals and soldiers…

　　史書(shū)上最經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)、最為顯赫的人物，大多是些偉大的征服者、將軍和軍事家。

　　(7) The city has a dense manufacturing population.

　　這個(gè)城市有稠密的工業(yè)人口。

　　(8)The products should be sampled to check their quality before they leave the factory.

　　產(chǎn)品出廠前應(yīng)該進(jìn)行抽樣檢查。

　　(9) The mother and the eldest daughter weeded the ridges， passing before the others…A younger son，of twelve years， brought sea sand in a donkey's creels from a far corner of the field. They mixed the sand with the black clay. The fourth child， still almost an infant， staggered about near his mother， plucking weeds slowly and offering them to his mother as gifts.

　　母親和大女兒在除壟上的草，把旁人甩在后面……二兒子十二歲，從老遠(yuǎn)的地頭把海灘上的沙子裝進(jìn)魚(yú)籃，趕著毛驢馱了回來(lái)。他們把黑土摻上了沙子。老四還是個(gè)小不點(diǎn)兒，在母親身邊遙遙晃晃轉(zhuǎn)悠著，慢吞吞地拔起雜草，當(dāng)禮物送給母親。

　　(10) Come if you like.高興來(lái)就來(lái)。

　　(11) As it is late， let us go to bed.不早啦，睡吧!

　　(12) I framed the words in my mind： "Pardon me， but have I done something to offend you?"

　　我心里在嘀咕："對(duì)不起，我有什么舉止行為冒犯你了嗎?"

　　(13). You hear it from the trackers， a more breathless chant， as they pull desperately against the current， half a dozen of them perhaps if they are， taking up a wupan， a couple of hundred if they are hauling a splendid junk， its square sail set， over a rapid.

　　纖夫拼命拉纖逆流而上時(shí)，你就會(huì)聽(tīng)見(jiàn)他們唱著較急促的號(hào)子。拉五板木船時(shí)，或許五六人就行，但當(dāng)拉著鼓著橫帆的大船過(guò)急灘時(shí)，那就得要二三百人。

　　(14). If you are a twinkler， you have the ability to walk into a room and bring the sunshine with you，making everyone else want to bask in it.

　　滿懷喜悅的人能把陽(yáng)光帶進(jìn)他所走進(jìn)的房間，使別人愿意沐浴在這陽(yáng)光中.