考研英語翻譯技巧之定語從句_跨考網(wǎng)

一、前置法：把定語從句翻譯到所修飾的先行詞前面，可以用“的”來連接。

　　He who has never tasted what is bitter does not know what is sweet.

　　沒有吃過苦的人不知道什么是甜。

　　Space and oceans are the new world which scientists are trying to explore.

　　太空和海洋是科學(xué)家們努力探索的新領(lǐng)域。

　　His laughter, which was infectious, broke the silence.

　　他那富有感染力的笑聲打破了沉寂。

　　二、后置法：把定語從句翻譯在所修飾的先行詞后面，翻譯為并列分句。

　?。ㄒ唬┲貜?fù)先行詞。

　　I told the story to John, who told it to his brother.

　　他把這件事告訴了約翰，約翰又告訴了他的弟弟。

　　We wish to express our satisfaction at this to the Special Committee, whose activities deserve to be encouraged.

　　在我們對特別委員會表示滿意，特別委員會的工作應(yīng)該受到鼓勵。

　　You, whose predecessors scored initial success in astronomical research, have acquired a greater accomplishment in this respect.

　　你們的先輩在天文學(xué)研究方面取得了初步的成功，而你們現(xiàn)在則在這一方面獲得了更大的成就。

　　Although he lacks experience, he has enterprise and creativity, which are decisive in achieving success in the area.

　　他雖然經(jīng)驗不足，但很有進取心和創(chuàng)造力，而這正是在這一領(lǐng)域獲得成功的關(guān)鍵。

　　（二）省略先行詞。

　　ceived the letter that announced the death of your uncle.

　　是他接到那封信，說你的叔叔去世了。

　　They worked out a new method by which production has now been rapidly increased.

　　他們制定出一種新方案，采用之后生產(chǎn)已迅速得到提高。

　　三、融合法：把定語從句和它所修飾的先行詞結(jié)合在一起翻譯。

　　There is a man downstairs who wants to see you.

　　樓下有人要見你。

　　In our factory, there are many people who are much interested in the new invention.

　　在我們工廠里，許多人對這項新發(fā)明很感興趣。

　　We used a plane of which almost every part carried some indication of national identity.

　　我們駕駛的飛機幾乎每一個部件都有一些國籍標(biāo)志

　　She had a balance at her banker’s which would have made her beloved anywhere.

　　她在銀行里的存款足以使她到處受到歡迎

　　四、狀譯法

　?。ㄒ唬┳g成表示“時間”的分句

　　A driver who is driving the bus mustn’t talk with others or be absent-minded.

　　司機在開車時，不許和人談話，也不能走神。

　　（二）譯成表示“原因”的分句

　　He showed no further wish for conversation with Mrs. Smith, who was now more than usually insolent and disagreeable.

　　他似乎不愿再和史密斯太太講話，因為她現(xiàn)在異常無禮，令人厭煩。

　　（三）譯成表示“條件”的分句

　　Men become desperate for work, any work, which will help them to keep alive their families.

　　人們極其迫切地要求工作，不管什么工作，只要它能維持一家人的生活就行。

　　（四）譯成表示“讓步”的分句

　　He insisted on buying another house, which he had no use for

　　盡管他并沒有這樣的需要，他堅持要再買一幢房子，。

　?。ㄎ澹┳g成表示“目的”的分句

　　He wishes to write an article that will attract the public attention to the matter.

　　為了引起公眾對這一事件的注意，他想寫一篇文章。

　　He is collecting authentic material that proves his argument.

　　為了證明他的論點，他正在收集確鑿的材料以。

　　（六）譯成表示“結(jié)果”的分句

　　They tried to stamp out the revolt, which spread all the more furiously throughout the country.

　　他們企圖鎮(zhèn)壓反抗，結(jié)果反抗愈來愈烈，遍及全國。

　?。ㄆ撸┳g成表示“轉(zhuǎn)折”的分句

　　She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was.

　　她對孩子們很有耐心，而她丈夫卻很少這樣。