2015考研英語(yǔ)：閱讀中標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的妙用_跨考網(wǎng)

　　在考研閱讀中，不論是閱讀文章還是解答題目，標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)都可以起到畫(huà)龍點(diǎn)睛的妙用。下面跨考教育英語(yǔ)教研室張瑩老師就帶著大家見(jiàn)證一下由它們所產(chǎn)生的奇跡。

　　一：逗號(hào)

　　兩逗號(hào)中為插入語(yǔ)時(shí)，看暫時(shí)跳讀

　　1 For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors, which America had invented and which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty.(2000，Text 1)

　　半導(dǎo)體制造業(yè)是美國(guó)發(fā)明的，而且是新的電腦時(shí)代的核心產(chǎn)業(yè)，一度被認(rèn)為會(huì)成為下一個(gè)受害者。

　　2 Some huge American industries, such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition. (2000，Text 1)

　　面對(duì)國(guó)外的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，美國(guó)一些大型產(chǎn)業(yè)出現(xiàn)了萎縮或者倒閉，比如消費(fèi)電子業(yè)。

　　3 This means that, for the first time, there will be an excess of boys in those crucial years when they are searching for a mate. (2000，Text 2)

　　(做男人總是有危險(xiǎn)。男女出生比例大約為105:100，但到成年時(shí)，這個(gè)比例就差不多會(huì)降到持平狀態(tài);而在70歲老年人中，女性人數(shù)是男性人數(shù)的兩倍。但是男性死亡率高這一普遍現(xiàn)象正在被改變?，F(xiàn)在，男嬰存活率幾乎和女?huà)胍粯印?這意味著到了找對(duì)象的關(guān)鍵幾年，男性人數(shù)將首次超過(guò)女性。

　　二： 冒號(hào)

　　進(jìn)一步解釋說(shuō)明前句中的事物或現(xiàn)象

　　1. We live a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves. (1996，Text 4)

　　60. The word “pervasive” (Line 1, Paragraph 2) might mean ________.

　　[A] widespread

　　[B] overwhelming

　　[C] piercing(A)

　　[D] fashionable

　　2. There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide: stay alive, but have fewer children. (2000，Text 2)

　　進(jìn)行進(jìn)化式自殺還有一種辦法：一直活著、少生孩子。

　　3. I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life,” and making the alternative move into “downshifting” brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status. Nothing could persuade me to return to the kind of life Kelsey used to advocate and I once enjoyed: 12-hour working days, pressured deadlines, the fearful strain of office politics and the limitations of being a parent on “quality time”. (2001, Text 5)

　　69. “Juggling one’s life” probably means living a life characterized by ________.

　　[A] non-materialistic lifestyle

　　[B] a bit of everything

　　[C] extreme stress(C)

　　[D] anti-consumerism

　　三：分號(hào)

　　可表示結(jié)構(gòu)并列或語(yǔ)意并列，有時(shí)可利用分號(hào)推測(cè)句子意思或作者態(tài)度

　　1.This is no flash in the pan; over the past couple of years, inflation has been consistently lower than expected in Britain and America. (1997，Text 5)

　　這不是曇花一現(xiàn)，在過(guò)去幾年里，英國(guó)和美國(guó)的通貨膨脹率始終低于預(yù)測(cè)水平。

　　69. The sentence “This is no flash in the pan” (Line 5, Paragraph 3) means that ________.

　　[A] the low inflation rate will last for some time

　　[B] the inflation rate will soon rise

　　[C] the inflation will disappear quickly(A)

　　[D] there is no inflation at present

　　2. For us, this means that evolution is over; the biological Utopia has arrived. Strangely, it has involved little physical change. (2000，Text 2)

　　對(duì)于我們來(lái)說(shuō)，這意味著進(jìn)化已經(jīng)結(jié)束，生物學(xué)上的烏托邦時(shí)代已經(jīng)來(lái)臨。

　　3. [2004 Text 1] Instead, the best strategy is to use the agent as a kind of tip service to keep abreast of jobs in a particular database; when you get E-mail, consider it a reminder to check the database again.

　　The expression “tip service” (Line 3—4, Paragraph 3) most probably means________.

　　[A] advisory [B] compensation [C] interaction [D] reminder

　　四： 破折號(hào)

　　兩破折號(hào)中為插入語(yǔ)時(shí)，看暫時(shí)跳讀

　　1.At the same time, the American Law Institute -- a group of judges, lawyers, and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight -- issued new guidelines for tort(侵權(quán)) law stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard(轟炸) them with a lengthy list of possible ones. (1999，Text 1)

　　與此同時(shí)，美國(guó)法律協(xié)會(huì)——一群說(shuō)話舉足輕重的法官、律師和學(xué)者——頒布了新的侵權(quán)行為法準(zhǔn)則，規(guī)定公司不必提醒消費(fèi)者顯而易見(jiàn)的危險(xiǎn)，也不必為他們列出一長(zhǎng)串可能遇到的危險(xiǎn)。

　　2. But in the past 100, 000 years—even the past 100 years—our lives have been transformed but our bodies have not. (2000，Text 2)

　　可是過(guò)去10萬(wàn)年——甚至在過(guò)去100年里，我們的生很活發(fā)生了變化，但我們的身體卻沒(méi)有改變。

　　3.”Those things that do not show up in the test scores—personality, ability, courage or humanity—are completely ignored,” says Toshiki Kaifu, chairman of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party’s education committee. (2000，Text 4)

　　“那些考試成績(jī)無(wú)法反映的東西——個(gè)性、能力、勇氣或人性——完全被忽略了，”執(zhí)政的自由民主黨教育委員會(huì)主席Toshiki Kaifu說(shuō)。(由此產(chǎn)生的挫折感導(dǎo)致了孩子們的中途退學(xué)和難以管教。)

　　五： 引號(hào)

　　1. 可表示諷刺：

　　“Scientific” creationism, which is being pushed by some for “equal time” in the classrooms whenever the scientific accounts of evolution are given, is based on religion, not science.(1996，Text 5)

　　Towns like Bournemouth and Eastbourne sprang up to house large “comfortable” classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders’ meeting to dictate their orders to the management. (1996, Text 3)

　　2. 可用于引用某人觀點(diǎn)：

　　“I struck gold,” says Redmon. (2004，Text 1)

　　“我發(fā)現(xiàn)了金礦，”Redmon說(shuō)。

　　3. 表示專(zhuān)有名詞

　　I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life,” and making the alternative move into “downshifting” brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status. (2001，Text 5)

　　我發(fā)現(xiàn)，放棄那種“為生活打拼”的信條，轉(zhuǎn)向“減壓減速”的生活，將會(huì)帶來(lái)高于經(jīng)濟(jì)收入和社會(huì)地位的回報(bào);Linda Kelsey不堪壓力，辭掉She雜志社編輯職務(wù)的消息備受關(guān)注之后，她或許與我有同樣的發(fā)現(xiàn)。

　　六：括號(hào)

　　1. 可用于解釋前詞意義

　　1). Drugs (substances) that affect the central nervous system and alter perception, mood, and behavior are known as psychoactive substances. (1997，Text 3)

　　2). Researchers in the late 1960 covered that humans are born with the capacity to approach challenges in four primary ways: analytically, procedurally, relationally (or collaboratively) and innovatively. (2009，Text 1)

　　二十世紀(jì)六十年代末的研究者們發(fā)現(xiàn)，人類(lèi)天生就會(huì)用四種主要的方法應(yīng)對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)：即所謂的分析法、程序法、關(guān)系法(或者合作法)以及創(chuàng)新法。

　　3). But today a man can boost his paternal (fatherly) wisdom(2009，Text 2)

　　可是今天的男人可以變成更聰明的父親。

　　2. 通常是答案的位置

　　[2006 Text 2] Anyway, the townsfolk can’t understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy. (The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row. Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 percent occupied all year long and this year they’ll do better.) The reason, of course, is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low.

　　29. According to the townsfolk, the RSC deserves no subsidy because ________.

　　[A] ticket prices can be raised to cover the spending

　　[B] the company is financially ill-managed

　　[C] the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptable

　　[D] the theatre attendance is on the rise

　　[2007 Text 2]The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score, even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be. The test comes primarily in two forms: the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales (both come in adult and children’s version). Generally costing several hundred dollars, they are usually given only by psychologists, although variations of them populate bookstores and the World Wide Web. Superhigh scores like vos Savant’s are no longer possible, because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age peers, rather than simply dividing the mental age by the chronological age and multiplying by 100. Other standardized tests, such as the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) and the Graduate Record Exam (GRE), capture the main aspects of IQ tests.

　　27. What can be inferred about intelligence testing from Paragraph 3?

　　[A] People no longer use IQ scores as an indicator of intelligence.

　　[B] More versions of IQ tests are now available on the Internet.

　　[C] The test contents and formats for adults and children may be different.

　　[D] Scientists have defined the important elements of human intelligence.

　　[2007 Text 4] The current state of affairs may have been encouraged – though not justified – by the lack of legal penalty (in America, but not Europe) for data leakage. Until California recently passed a law, American firms did not have to tell anyone, even the victim, when data went astray. That may change fast: lots of proposed data-security legislation is now doing the rounds in Washington, D.C. Meanwhile, the theft of information about some 40 million credit-card accounts in America, disclosed on June 17th, overshadowed a hugely important decision a day earlier by America’s Federal Trade Commission (FTC) that puts corporate America on notice that regulators will act if firms fail to provide adequate data security.

　　40. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that

　　[A] data leakage is more severe in Europe.

　　[B] FTC’s decision is essential to data security.

　　[C] California takes the lead in security legislation.(D)

　　[D] legal penalty is a major solution to data leakage.

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