考研英語(yǔ)閱讀總結(jié)方法巧答題之實(shí)例解析_跨考網(wǎng)

　　之前總結(jié)了考研英語(yǔ)閱讀中三種方法巧妙節(jié)省時(shí)間贏得高分的方法，但很多同學(xué)也許并不十分了解如何巧妙答題，這里就舉例為大家講解之前三大方法在考研英語(yǔ)閱讀答題中的應(yīng)用。幫助同學(xué)們?nèi)跁?huì)貫通。

　　The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. Private businessmen, striving to make profits, produce these goods and services in competition with other businessmen; and the profit motive, operating under competitive pressures, largely determines how these goods and services are produced. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes， that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it。

　　An important factor in a market-oriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer demands can be expressed and responded to by producers. In the American economy, this mechanism is provided by a price system, a process in which prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of consumers and supplies offered by seller-producers. If the product is in short supply relative to the demand, the price will be bid up and some consumers will be eliminated from the market. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product. Thus, price is the regulating mechanism in the American economic system。

　　The important factor in a private-enterprise economy is that individual are allowed to own productive resources (private property)， and they are permitted to hire labor, gain control over natural resources, and produce goods and services for sale at a profit. In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual。

　　這篇文章中的關(guān)鍵短語(yǔ)是American economic system，在文中多次反復(fù)出現(xiàn)，剛好它就是全文的寫(xiě)作對(duì)象。抓住了這個(gè)關(guān)鍵信息再加上“路標(biāo)”詞，文章的結(jié)構(gòu)一目了然。

　　文章首句提出了含有寫(xiě)作對(duì)象的主題，即美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制的特點(diǎn)是通過(guò)私有企業(yè)和市場(chǎng)導(dǎo)向起調(diào)節(jié)作用。末句thus后面是對(duì)主題的進(jìn)一步闡釋，分析和指出消費(fèi)者的需求、企業(yè)家對(duì)最大利潤(rùn)的追求和個(gè)人對(duì)收入取得最大收益的渴望，共同決定著生產(chǎn)什么以及如何使用資源進(jìn)行生產(chǎn)。第二段說(shuō)明市場(chǎng)導(dǎo)向型經(jīng)濟(jì)的重 要特點(diǎn)之一是價(jià)格機(jī)制。第三段說(shuō)明私營(yíng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的性質(zhì)和特點(diǎn)是財(cái)產(chǎn)私有和同時(shí)擁有相關(guān)權(quán)利。

　　(6)讀“路標(biāo)”詞。在閱讀理解中有部分“虛詞”比“實(shí)詞”更重要，它們就是一些表示作者思路的過(guò)渡詞、短語(yǔ)或句子，有利于作者思想的銜接和轉(zhuǎn) 折。抓住它們，考生就能夠?qū)θ牡慕Y(jié)構(gòu)一目了然，就不會(huì)出現(xiàn)“詞都認(rèn)識(shí)，就是不知道全文在講什么”的情況。它們就是在閱讀行進(jìn)過(guò)程中起指示作用的“路 標(biāo)”，隨時(shí)提醒考生將要讀到什么。

　　“路標(biāo)”詞按照功能可以分為：

　?、偾斑M(jìn)型。這一類詞和詞組起的是順接、遞進(jìn)作用，指示讀者繼續(xù)往下看，其前后可能存在并列、遞進(jìn)、因果、解釋等關(guān)系，往往接下來(lái)的可能是作者要強(qiáng)調(diào)的重要內(nèi)容。

　　如：and, also, more, moreover, more than that, furthermore, likewise, equally important, first, second, in addition to, thus, so, therefore, consequently, accordingly, as a result 等。

　　②轉(zhuǎn)彎型。這一類標(biāo)志著前后兩個(gè)句子或段落之間的轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系，讀者要敏感地意識(shí)到后面出現(xiàn)的是與前面截然不同的事物或觀點(diǎn)，從而對(duì)作者的思想進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)。

　　如：but, yet, while, however, nevertheless, although, though, otherwise, despite, instead, on the contrary, in contrast, notwithstanding等。

　?、劢K點(diǎn)型。這一類標(biāo)志著下面的內(nèi)容是對(duì)前面的概括和總結(jié)。

　　如：to conclude, to sum up, in sum, in conclusion, in short, in brief, on the whole等。

　?、芷渌１硎究臻g位置(near, far, beside, next to, above, on the side of, across, behind)、目的(for this purpose, so that, in order to)、強(qiáng)調(diào)(indeed, in fact, surely, certainly, to be sure, I am certain)、舉例(for example, for instance, in particular)、條件(in that case, that being so, in these circumstance, if, unless)等。

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