【每日一練】考研英語長難句練習(xí)1（7.2）_跨考網(wǎng)

　　1. This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high-energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields.

　　結(jié)構(gòu)分析:句子的主干是This will be particularly true…。since引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。此從句中又套嵌一個(gè)由關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾the high-energy American fashion。在定語從句中，that做主語，makes做謂語，it做形式賓語，不定式短語to combine few farmers with high yields則是真正的賓語(不定式短語內(nèi)部to combine是主干，few farmers是賓語，with high yields是狀語)，possible做賓語補(bǔ)足語。this指代前句中提到的這種困境。energy pinch譯為“能源的匱乏”;in…fashion譯為“用…方法、方式”。

　　譯文：這種困境將是確定無疑的，因?yàn)槟茉吹膮T乏，高能量消耗這種美國耕種方式將很難在農(nóng)業(yè)中繼續(xù)下去，而這種耕種方式使投入少數(shù)農(nóng)民就可獲得高產(chǎn)成為可能。

　　2. Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter，we must be sure that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a“valid”or“fair”comparison.

　　結(jié)構(gòu)分析:句子的主干是we must be sure…。since引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter。主句中又有that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a“valid”or“fair”comparison。此賓語從句中又套嵌一個(gè)由介詞with+which引導(dǎo)的定語從句with which we are comparing our subjects修飾先行詞the scale。scale在此處意為“尺度、衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”。

　　譯文：既然對智力的評(píng)估相比較而言的，那么我們必須確保，在對我們的對象進(jìn)行比較時(shí)，我們所用的尺度能夠提供“有效的”或“公平的”比較。

　　3. In general，the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicted can be not well defined.

　　結(jié)構(gòu)分析:句子的框架是the tests work most effectively when…and least effectively when…。and連接兩個(gè)并列分句，每個(gè)并列分句中皆有一個(gè)when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句分別說明work most effectively和and(work)least effectively。第二個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句中還有一個(gè)主語從句what…predicted。the tests是主句的主語，work為動(dòng)詞做謂語。qualities在此處是可數(shù)名詞，不譯為“質(zhì)量”，而譯為“特征”。defined不能直譯為“被定義為”，而應(yīng)譯為主動(dòng)語態(tài)“界定”。

　　譯文：一般來說，當(dāng)所需要測定的特征能被精確界定時(shí)，測試最為有效;而當(dāng)所測定或預(yù)測的東西不能被明確界定時(shí)，測試效果最差。

　　4. For example，they do not compensate for gross social inequality，and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might hxdye been had he grown up under more fxdyorable circumstances.

　　結(jié)構(gòu)分析:句子的框架是they do not compensate…，and thus do not tell how…。and連接兩個(gè)并列分句，第二個(gè)并列分句中由how引導(dǎo)的賓語從句是一個(gè)帶有虛擬條件句的主從復(fù)合句，其中had he grown up…(=If he had grown up…)是省略了連詞if的非真實(shí)條件句。主句主語的they，在此代指上文提到的tests; able在句中作might hxdye been的表語。underprivileged在此不能譯為“沒有特權(quán)的”，而譯為“沒有地位的”或“物質(zhì)條件差的”。

　　譯文：例如，測試并不能彌補(bǔ)明顯的社會(huì)不公;因此，它們不能說明一個(gè)物質(zhì)條件差的年輕人，如果在較好的環(huán)境中成長的話，會(huì)有多大才干。

　　5.It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset：it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans，or with no consideration at all.

　　結(jié)構(gòu)分析:句子的框架是It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that…。冒號(hào)后的復(fù)合句是對冒號(hào)前部分作進(jìn)一步說明。復(fù)合句中that引導(dǎo)賓語從句，從句中有either…or…引導(dǎo)的兩個(gè)并列的介詞結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語，修飾動(dòng)詞be treated，其中第一個(gè)with介詞結(jié)構(gòu)中還有一個(gè)省略了關(guān)系代詞that或which的定語從句humans extend to other humans，修飾the consideration。it代指上文的觀點(diǎn)，即如果對人權(quán)沒有達(dá)成一致看法，而談?wù)搫?dòng)物的權(quán)利是徒勞的。介詞短語at the outset譯為“從一開始”。動(dòng)詞invites應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)譯為“使”、“讓”或“促使”。動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)extend consideration to意為“給予關(guān)懷或關(guān)心”，consideration不應(yīng)譯為“考慮”。

　　譯文：這種說法從一開始就將討論引向極端，它使人們認(rèn)為應(yīng)該這樣對待動(dòng)物:要么像對人類自身一樣關(guān)懷體諒，要么完全冷漠無情。