2014考研英語：基礎(chǔ)階段新題型精選(十一)_跨考網(wǎng)

　　Directions:

　　You are going to read a list of headings and a text about preparing in the academic community. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each numbered paragraph (41-45). The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There is one extra heading which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

　　[A] Physical Changes

　　[B] Low Self-Esteem

　　[C] Emerging Independence and Search for Identity

　　[D] Emotional Turbulence

　　[E] Interest in the Opposite Sex

　　[F] Peer Pressure and Conformity

　　The transition to adulthood is difficult. Rapid physical growth begins in early adolescence — typically between the ages of 9 and 13 — and thought processes start to take on adult characteristics. Many youngsters find these changes distressing because they do not fully understand what is happening to them. Fears and anxieties can be put to rest by simply keeping an open line of communication and preparing for change before it occurs. The main issues that arise during adolescence are:

　　(41) __________

　　A child’s self worth is particularly fragile during adolescence. Teenagers often struggle with an overwhelming sense that nobody likes them, that they’re not as good as other people, that they are failures, losers, ugly or unintelligent.

　　(42) __________

　　Some form of bodily dissatisfaction is common among pre-teens. If dissatisfaction is great, it may cause them to become shy or very easily embarrassed. In other cases, teens may act the opposite — loud and angry — in an effort to compensate for feelings of self-consciousness and inferiority. As alarming as these bodily changes can be, adolescents may find it equally distressing to not experience the changes at the same time as their peers. Late maturation can cause feelings of inferiority and awkwardness.

　　(43) __________

　　Young people feel more strongly about everything during adolescence. Fears become more frightening, pleasures become more exciting, irritations become more distressing and frustrations become more intolerable. Every experience appears king-sized during adolescence. Youngsters having a difficult adolescence may become seriously depressed and/or engage in self-destructive behavior. Often, the first clue that a teenager needs professional help is a deep-rooted shift in attitude and behavior. Parents should be alert to the warning signs of personality change indicating that a teenager needs help. They include repeated school absences, slumping grades, use of alcohol or illegal substances, hostile or dangerous behavior and extreme withdrawal and reclusiveness.

　　(44) __________

　　There is tremendous pressure on adolescents to conform to the standards of their peers. This pressure toward conformity can be dangerous in that it applies not only to clothing and hairstyles; it may lead them to do things that they know are wrong.

　　(45) __________

　　Adolescence marks a period of increasing independence that often leads to conflict between teenagers and parents. This tension is a normal part of growing up — and for parents, a normal part of the letting-go process. Another normal part of adolescence is confusion over values and beliefs. This time of questioning is important as young people examine the values they have been taught and begin to embrace their own beliefs. Though they may adopt the same beliefs as their parents, discovering them on their own enables the young person to develop a sense of integrity.

　　Although adolescence will present challenges for young people and their parents, awareness and communication can help pave the way for a smooth transition into this exciting phase of life.

　　答案

　　41.B 42.A 43.D 44.F 45.C

　　總體分析

　　本文是介紹青春期變化的說明文，共七個段落，可以分成三個部分。

　　第一段：指出青春期的變化帶來的苦惱和恐懼可以通過交流和提前準(zhǔn)備得以消除。

　　第二段至第六段：分別論述青春期出現(xiàn)的問題。

　　第七段：再次重申第一段的觀點，即了解問題和交流能有助于這個時期的平穩(wěn)過渡。

　　試題精解

　　(一)審題，讀主題詞。

　　雖然幾乎每個標(biāo)題配對題的題目表述幾乎一致，但題目中唯一不同之處就是主題詞的所在。比如，本題中的主題詞是preparing for change(為變化做好準(zhǔn)備)，由此考生可以預(yù)測文章的內(nèi)容應(yīng)包括變化是什么、如何做準(zhǔn)備等。

　　(二)查找選項中的關(guān)鍵詞或段落主題句中的關(guān)鍵詞，并匹配選項與段落

　　實現(xiàn)這個步驟有兩種方法：一是先將所有選項都審?fù)?，?biāo)記出選項中的關(guān)鍵詞，再回到原文中去尋找相對應(yīng)的段落。二是先通過瀏覽段落主題句，標(biāo)記出每段的關(guān)鍵詞，再到所提供的備選項中尋找對應(yīng)項。首先推薦第一種方法，因為題目給出的選項中有較大的邏輯聯(lián)系，可以通過閱讀它們將文章大概思路和內(nèi)容整理出來。

　　在做這一步時，要小心陷阱。備選項中總會有幾個選項的內(nèi)容能夠在段落找到文字上完全相同的對應(yīng)。這些能夠與原文對應(yīng)的選項有時只是某個段落中提到的一個細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容，而我們需要做的是找到段落的主旨。記?。汗馓岬绞遣粔虻?，關(guān)鍵要與主題對應(yīng)。

　　本文中選項及其翻譯如下，其中關(guān)鍵詞用黑體顯示：

　　[A] Physical Changes 身體變化

　　[B] Low Self-Esteem自卑

　　[C] Emerging Independence and Search for Identity開始出現(xiàn)的獨立和尋求認(rèn)同的傾向

　　[D] Emotional Turbulence情感波動

　　[E] Interest in the Opposite Sex對異性的興趣

　　[F] Peer Pressure and Conformity同輩人的壓力和從眾心理

　　概括這些選項的內(nèi)容可以推測出文章的主要話題是青春期的變化及如何為這些變化做準(zhǔn)備，考試大。

　　接下來主要是概括各段落的主旨，特別注意各段的主題句。

　　第一段先論述過渡到成年期是很艱難的，倒數(shù)第二句(該段的主題句)指出通過開放性交流和在變化來臨前作好準(zhǔn)備就能消除(青春期的)恐懼和焦慮情緒。末句是過渡句，主要作用是引出下面的內(nèi)容。

　　41.第41題所在段落即第二段的主題句是第一句，即青春期孩子的自我價值感特別脆弱。后面的內(nèi)容具體論述其表現(xiàn)。主題句中的關(guān)鍵詞是self-worth，它與[B]項中的self-esteem是同義詞。該段中的其他關(guān)鍵詞或表達(dá)，如nobody likes them，not as good，failures, losers, ugly or unintelligent正好可以用[B]項low self-esteem一并概括。

　　42. 第三段第一句(主題句)提到，學(xué)齡兒童中普遍存在著某種形式的對自己身體的不滿。接著，該段論述了這種不滿的兩種極端表現(xiàn)：過分羞澀和異常憤怒。最后兩句話補充到，晚熟(即不和同齡人同時經(jīng)歷身體變化)會造成自卑感和呆板。因此該段的關(guān)鍵詞是bodily dissatisfaction和bodily changes。對應(yīng)的選項是[A]項physical changes。這一題的干擾在于段落中出現(xiàn)了self-consciousness，inferiority，而它們和[B]項是同義表達(dá)。但是考生應(yīng)記住一個重要的原則;一定要與主題句、主題詞對應(yīng)。第三段中雖然出現(xiàn)了表示“自卑”含義的詞語，但整個段落的主旨內(nèi)容是說明青少年對自己身體變化的不滿，提到“自卑”是論述這些變化引起的后果。

　　43. 第四段首句(主題句)提到，青春期的年青人對一切的感覺都更強烈。接著文章論述了這種強烈情感的表現(xiàn)：恐懼、興奮、苦惱、無法忍受、異常沮喪乃至從事自我毀滅行為。最后文章指出父母從孩子態(tài)度和行為上的轉(zhuǎn)變應(yīng)獲悉他們需要專業(yè)人員的幫助。主題句中的主題詞是feel more strongly，它和[D]項中emotional turbulence對應(yīng)。而該段中其他的關(guān)鍵詞fears，frightening，pleasures，exciting，irritations，distressing，frustrations等顯然都和[D]項中的emotional屬于上下義的關(guān)系。

　　44. 第五段共兩句話。首句(主題句)指出，巨大的壓力促使著青少年去符合同輩人的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。第二句則分析這種壓力帶來的后果。該段主題句中出現(xiàn)了[F]項的關(guān)鍵詞pressure和conformity，而且該段也主要圍繞從眾心理給青少年帶來的壓力展開論述，因此[F]項正確。

　　45. 第六段沒有出現(xiàn)明顯的主題句，需要對段落內(nèi)容進(jìn)行概括。該段首句提到，青春期標(biāo)志著一個不斷獨立的時期。接著，文章從青少年和父母的沖突角度闡述“獨立”的含義。該段第三句提到，青春期的另一個必然的經(jīng)歷是對價值觀和信念的困惑。接著指出這種經(jīng)歷有利于青少年形成自己完整的人格。該段的主題詞包括：increasing independence，embrace their own beliefs，a sense of integrity。它們和[C]項中的關(guān)鍵詞independence和identity相對應(yīng)。整個段落也圍繞青少年的獨立和尋求認(rèn)同展開論述。