名師指導(dǎo)：同等學(xué)力英語閱讀題解題技巧之一_跨考網(wǎng)

一、與句型相關(guān)的態(tài)度命題

　　態(tài)度也就是評(píng)價(jià)。態(tài)度之中以作者的態(tài)度尤為值得關(guān)注，因?yàn)樗从沉俗髡邔?duì)事物的評(píng)價(jià)是子以肯定還是否定。這些評(píng)價(jià)決定了這些事物存在的價(jià)值和意義。

　　作者通常通過副詞狀語或者形容詞定語來表述態(tài)度，由于這些表述一般都比較隱蔽，不經(jīng)過反復(fù)練習(xí)和強(qiáng)化很難形成挖掘它們的習(xí)慣。因此，在初期進(jìn)行閱讀練習(xí)的時(shí)候，讀者可以試著圈出那些能表述作者褒貶態(tài)度的詞匯，時(shí)間久了，就能形成關(guān)注它們的習(xí)慣了。

　　能表明態(tài)度的特征詞通常有：

　　1)有感情色彩的形容詞

　　2)一些副詞：fortunately，unfortunately，merely，only，unhappily，falsely，...

　　3)有感情色彩的動(dòng)詞：mislead，overestimate，fail to，oversimplify，be blind to，limit...

　　4)一些固定名詞：limitation，misconception，omission，shortcoming...

　　下面我們看一些表達(dá)態(tài)度的例句，來體會(huì)一下表達(dá)態(tài)度的特征詞在句子中的應(yīng)用：

　　例1: It would be wonderful to observe a singularity and obtain direct evidence of the undoubtedly phenomena that occur near one. Unfortunately in most cases a distant observer cannot see the singularity.

　　例2: Detailed understanding of this phenomenon awaits further study.

　　例3: But the differences, however small, are crucial, and the disequilibrium is maintained by air near the surface mixing with air higher up, which is typically appreciably cooler and lower in water-vapor content.

　　例4: The correlation between carbon dioxide and temperature throughout the Vostok record is consistent and predictable.

　　例5: An intriguing aspect of this development was discovered by Victor Emmel.

　　ong indications that the variation is adaptive, a response to environmental differences.

　　二、與文章結(jié)構(gòu)相關(guān)的態(tài)度題

　　l 在強(qiáng)肯定后的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系是命態(tài)度題的重點(diǎn)

　　l 說明文中的優(yōu)點(diǎn)應(yīng)判斷為正面態(tài)度

　　l 在兩方觀點(diǎn)的文章中，要看有無作者的觀點(diǎn)，判斷是主觀還是客觀

　　l 注意混合型的觀點(diǎn): I like it, but….

　　例1：

　　Nursing at Beth Israel Hospital produces the best patient care possible. If we are to solve the nursing shortage (不足), hospital administration and doctors everywhere would do well to follow Beth Israel's example.

　　At Beth Israel each patient is assigned to a primary nurse who visits at length with the patient and constructs a full-scale health account that covers everything from his medical history to his emotional state. Then she writes a care plan centered on the patient's illness but which also includes everything else that is necessary.

　　The primary nurse stays with the patient through his hospitalization, keeping track with his progress and seeking further advice from his doctor. If a patient at Beth Israel is not responding to treatment, it is not uncommon for his nurse to propose another approach to his doctor. What the doctor at Beth Israel has in the primary nurse is a true colleague.

　　Nursing at Beth Israel also involves a decentralized (分散的) nursing administration; every floor, every unit is a self-contained organization. There are nurse-managers instead of head nurses; in addition to their medical duties they do all their own hiring and dismissing, employee advising, and they make salary recommendations. Each unit's nurses decide among themselves who will work what shifts and when.

　　Beth Israel's nurse-in-chief ranks as an equal with other vice presidents of the hospital. She also is a member of the Medical Executive Committee, which in most hospitals includes only doctors.

　　1. The author's attitude towards the nursing system at Beth Israel Hospital is __________.

　　A) negative B) neutral C) critical D) positive

　　三、解題技巧

　　1.干擾項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)：

　　(1) 張冠李戴：別人的觀點(diǎn)與作者的觀點(diǎn)相混，兩個(gè)事物相混;

　　(2) 此類題型中的中性詞(如indifferent，ambivalent，neutral，humor，disinterested，impassive)一般均為干擾項(xiàng)。由于近幾年文章都是反映與社會(huì)聯(lián)系緊密的，多為人們所擔(dān)心的現(xiàn)象，故作者對(duì)這些社會(huì)現(xiàn)象持批評(píng)或支持態(tài)度的較多。

　　2. 正確選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)：

　　(1) 態(tài)度推斷題，需注意行文中有無一定感情色彩的詞。這種題的答案一般多為褒義詞。

　　(2) 如問對(duì)行文中提到的人們的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度，答案多為肯定或否定，絕對(duì)不會(huì)是中性。

　　(3) 如文章開頭提出一種現(xiàn)象，加以論述，作者的觀點(diǎn)多為支持。如開始是問句，答案往往是肯定的。

　　(4) 尤其注意行文中出現(xiàn)的claimed as，suppose，perceive as，considered as，ranked as等詞，這些詞往往與作者的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度相反。