2014考研英語(yǔ)：模擬試題及答案之閱讀理解(四)_跨考網(wǎng)

　　2014考研英語(yǔ)：模擬試題及答案之閱讀理解(四)

　　Text 3

　　The entrepreneur，according to French economist J.B. Say，“is a person who shifts economic resources out of an area of lower and into an area of higher productivity and yield.”But Says definition does not tell us who this entrepreneur is. Some define the entrepreneur simply as one who starts his or her own new and small business. For our purposes，we will define the entrepreneur as a person who takes the necessary risks to organize and manage a business and receives the financial profits and nonmonetary rewards.

　　The man who opens a small pizza restaurant is in business，but is he an entrepreneur?He took a risk and did something，but did he shift resources or start the business?If the answer is yes，then he is considered an entrepreneur. Ray Kroc is an example of an entrepreneur because he founded and established McDonalds. His hamburgers were not a new idea，but he applied new techniques，resource allocations，and organizational methods in his venture. Ray Kroc upgraded the productivity and yield from the resources applied to create his fast food chain. This is what entrepreneurs do;this is what entrepreneurship means.

　　Many of the sharp，black and white contrasts between the entrepreneur and the professional have faced to a gray color. Formerly，professionals such as doctors，lawyers，dentists，and accountants were not supposed to be entrepreneurial，aggressive，or market oriented. They were“above”the market driven world. Entrepreneurs，on the other hand，were the mavericks of society. They were risk takers who aggressively sought to make something happen. Long hours were about all the two worlds had in common. However，increased competition，saturated markets，and a more price conscious public have changed the world of the professionals. Today they need to market their skills，talents，and competencies;Lawyers advertise their services. Doctors specialize in one form of surgery. Accounting firms join with other businesses(e.g.，consulting and law)to serve clients.

　　Entrepreneurs exhibit many different behaviors;searching for a specific personality pattern is very difficult. Some entrepreneurs are quiet，introverted，and analytical. On the other hand，some are brash，extroverted，and very emotional. many of them share some qualities. Viewing change as the norm，entrepreneurs usually search for it，respond to it，and treat it as an opportunity. An entrepreneur such as Ray Kroc of McDonalds is able to take resources and shift them to meet a need. Making the decision to shift resources works better if a person is creative，experienced，and confident.